Accelerating the Commercialization of Deepwater Technology - a Global Overview
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract This set of speaker notes introduces the subject, which is the topic of a panel discussion for the 2002 Offshore Technology Conference. Participants include;Mr. Claude Mandil; Chairman, Institut Francais du Petrole (IFP)Mr. B John Sheets; Project Manager, DeepStarDr. Kate Moran, Director, Atlantic Canadian Petroleum InstituteDr. Bill Lawson; Manager, National Petroleum Technology Office, U.S. Department of EnergyMr. Marcos Assayag; Petrobras Deepwater R&D Program Coordinator, ProCap 3000Dr. David Ellix; Managing Director, Industry Technology FacilitatorDr. Keith Millheim; Manager; Operations, Technology & Planning, AnadarkoMr. Richard D'Souza, Vice President Deepwater Technology, Halliburton Introduction A secure world economy depends upon reliable access to reasonably priced energy. Achieving this objective requires a consistent and steady amount of ‘over-supply’ and continual application of innovative technology, both of which present challenges. Global oil consumption in 1970 was 46 million barrels per day. In 2001 it was 76 million per day. According to results published by Cambridge Energy Research Associates in their "Global Oil Trends 2002" report, by 2031 the demand will exceed 120 million per day. From where will these barrels come? While alternate energy sources may hold hope for the future, clearly fossil fuels will be important for many years. Looking more specifically at the U.S. picture, U.S. crude oil production accounted for more than half of the world total as late as 1952. However by 1970 U.S. consumption was 15 million barrels per day and production was 9.6 million, for a 36% shortfall. At that point, the marginal pricing of oil, which for so long rested with the Gulf Coast of Texas, moved to the Persian Gulf. To capitalize on their newly acquired pricing power, many producing nations in the Middle East nationalized their oil companies. Posted crude oil prices at Ras Tanura in the Persian Gulf rose to more than $11 per barrel, significantly above the $1.80 per barrel that prevailed unchanged from 1961 to 1970. Despite this run-up in price, by 2001 U.S. consumption was up to 20 million barrels per day, with production at 5.8 million, for a 71% shortfall. The U.S. is the world's number 3 producer behind Saudi Arabia with a current production of 8 million barrels per day - supplying 10% of the world demand, and number 2 Russia at 6.7 million. During a February 10, 2002 segment of the television program 60 Minutes, Lord Browne of BP, in addressing a question concerning U.S. energy independence, stated that with only 3% of the world's reserves, it is just not possible. The question is does the US really want to rely on Iran, Iraq, and other politically unstable regions to make up the short fall? On November 13, 2001 the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Alan Greenspan stated " as economic policymakers....., it is essential that we do not lose sight of the policies needed to ensure long-term economic growth. One of the most important objectives of those policies should be an assured availability of energy.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».