Electrochemical evaluation of anti-CRP/CRP interaction for the molecular diagnosis of the cardiovascular risk
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The C-reactive protein (CRP or PTX1) is an acute phase protein, expressed by hepatocytes, that is regarded as a clinical marker for infection and has been increasingly used as a risk indicator in chronic inflammatory diseases [ 1 ]. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease that remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Its progression is associated with the accumulation of lipoproteins in the endothelium, establishing plaques whose rupture may result in the formation of a thrombus, arising several cardiovascular complications [ 2 ]. Studies show there is a correlation between the risk of cardiac events (such as myocardial infarction) and increasing levels of CRP [ 3 ]. Currently, there are several methods to detect CRP, including immunoassays and agglutination. However, these methods are not sensitive enough, time-consuming or cost-ineffective [ 4 ]. Therefore, new diagnosis methods are being developed. Electrochemical biosensors are small devices that combine the selectivity of biochemical molecular recognition with the sensitivity of electrode transducers, being remarkable for their specificity, speed, portability and low cost [ 5 ]. In this work, a graphite electrode surface is modified with poly(3-aminotiophenol) and a specific antibody (anti-CRP), aiming the detection of its antigen (CRP), through electrochemical methods. The monomer solution (3-aminotiophenol) was prepared in 0.50 mol.L sulfuric acid solution for electropolymerization by potential cycling between -0.4 V and +1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl at 50 mV.s . This solution was prepared freshly, before each electropolymerization and deaerated with ultra pure nitrogen before use for 40 minutes. After electropolymerization, the modified ectrode was rinsed in deionized water to remove unreacted monomer. The electrochemical polymerization was performed through cyclic voltammetry in a three-compartment cell using a potentiostat from CH Instruments model 420A. The solution containing the antibody probe (anti-CRP, 50µg.mL ) was added onto the surface of the modified electrode. Then, the modified electrode containg poly(3-aminotiophenol):anti-CRP was incubated in solution of glycine to block and prevent non-specific adsorption. Next, a solution containing the antigen target (CRP, 150 µg.mL ) was applied onto the produced biomaterial. The indicator of the interaction anti-CRP:CRP, 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP), was added to the system and its oxidation peak was monitored. After each step, the electrodes were rinsed with 0.1 mmol.L phosphate buffer pH 7.4 to eliminate not-bound biomolecules. These detections were carried out in a one-compartment electrochemical cell, through differential pulse voltammetry.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».