English Canadian Citizenship in “The World Republic of Letters”

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1Marshall McLuhan, “Canada, A Borderline Case,” CBC Radio, May 29, 1967. Cited in Colombo's Canadian Quotations, ed. John Robert Colombo (Edmonton: Hurtig, 1974), 396. 2See Dennis L. Johnson, “Can Do Can Lit.” MobyLives. October 29, 2002, http://www.mobylives.com/Canlit.html. 3Pascale Casanova, The World Republic of Letters, trans. M.B. Devoise (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2004). First published in 1999 as La république mondiale des lettres (Paris: Éditions du Seuil). At the time of the book's appearance in English, Casanova also published an essay-length version of her argument, “Literature as a World,” in New Left Review 31 (2005). In addition to clarifying some issues raised in La république in this article, she also responds briefly to the most sustained criticism her book has received: Christopher Prendergast's “Negotiating World Literature” in New Left Review 8 (2001). A revised version of Prendergast's essay appears as an introduction to Debating World Literature, ed. Christopher Prendergast (London: Verso, 2004). 4Perry Anderson, writing in The London Review of Books, (September 23, 2004) sees the book as “likely to have the same sort of impact at large as Said's Orientalism, with which it stands in comparison.” (“Union Sucrée,” review of La république mondiale des letters by Pascale Casanova, http://www.lrb.co.uk). Terry Eagleton, while expressing some reservations in his review for The New Statesman (135, April 11, 2005), 51, still concludes that The World Republic of Letters marks “a milestone in the history of modern literary thought.” And as William Deresiewicz acutely notes in The Nation (January 3, 2005), 21, the prestige of such reviewers and their venues goes some distance towards making Anderson's prediction a self-fulfilling prophecy. 5See Charles Foran, “Books without Borders,” Enroute, December 2001: 64. 6Casanova, World Republic, 351. 7Pierre Bourdieu, “Deux impérialismes de l'universel.” In L'Amérique des français, ed. Christine Fauré and Tom Bishop (Paris: François Bourin, 1992), 149. 8Casanova, “Literature as a World,” 79. 9Les Murray, The Biplane Houses (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2006), 18. 10John Richardson, Eight Years in Canada (Montreal: H.H. Cunningham, 1847), 95. 11Nick Mount, When Canadian Literature Moved to New York (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2005). 12Sara Jeannette Duncan, “Saunterings,” The Week, September 30, 1886: 708. 13Leo Kennedy, “The Future of Canadian Literature,” The Canadian Mercury, April-May, 1928: 100. 14Margaret Atwood, “An End to Audience,” Dalhousie Review 60. 3 (1980): 419. 15George Woodcock, “Getting Away with Survival.” In The Sixties, ed. George Woodcock (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1969), 9. 16Northrop Frye, “Conclusion,” Literary History of Canada, ed. C.F. Klinck et al. 2nd ed. (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1975), 318. 17Ronald Sutherland, Times Literary Supplement, October 26, 1973: 1295. 18Mount, When Canadian Literature Moved, 5. 19Margaret Laurence, “Ivory Tower or Grass Roots? The Novelist as Socio-Political Being.” In A Political Art, ed. W.H. New (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1978), 17. 20Laurence, “Ivory Tower,” 19. 21Al Purdy, Being Alive: Poems 1958–1978 (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart), 64. 22Hugh MacLennan, Scotchman's Return and Other Essays (Toronto: MacMillan, 1960), 113. Munro's collection was, however, published in New York and London under the title The Beggar Maid. Munro's American editor, distinguishing national markets, suggested that while Who Do You Think You Are? “hit just the right note for Canada,” the priority for Munro's American publisher was to establish her “as a Canadian, yes, but mainly as a writer of distinction” (Robert Thacker, Alice Munro: Writing Her Lives [Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1983], 358). 23As with the Norton editions of Moodie, Montgomery, and Leacock, the 1996 publication by the Modern Languages Association of a volume in its “Approaches to Teaching” series titled Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale and Other Work (ed. Sharon R. Wilson, Thomas B. Friedman, and Shannon Hengen) marked a significant national/international crossing. 24Margaret Atwood, Surfacing (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1972), 53. 26Daniel David Moses and Terry Goldie, eds., An Anthology of Canadian Native Literature in English, 3rd ed. (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 2005), xi. 25Ongoing debates on the problem associated with collective names such as “Aboriginal,” “Native,” “Métis,” “Inuit,” and “First Nations” have led to the increasingly common use of more accurate tribal or community identifications wherever possible. 27Kamal Dib, “Now That Religious Diversity is Upon Us,” Canadian Diversity 5:2 (Spring 2006): 39. 28Clarke invented the name to identify the Black American Loyalists who immigrated to the Acadian region of Nova Scotia at the end of the American Revolution. 29George Woodcock, “Editorial,” Canadian Literature 1.1: 4; M.G. Vassanji, “Am I a Canadian Writer?” Canadian Literature 190 (2006): 12. 31 http://www.transcanadas.ca/institute.html. 30Marlene NourbeSe Philip, Frontiers: Selected Essays and Writings on Racism and Culture, 1988-1992 (Stratford, Canada: The Mercury Press, 1992), 10. 32Casanova, “Literature as World,” 81.

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