Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 112476, "Multiple- Layer Completions for Efficient Treatment of Multilayer Reservoirs," by Gary Rytlewski, SPE, Schlumberger, originally prepared for the 2008 IADC/SPE Drilling Conference, Orlando, Florida, 4-6 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed. A new method of completing multiple-layer formations has been tested successfully. This new method places sliding-sleeve valves in the casing that are opened one at a time to fracture layers independently without perforating. Completions using these casing valves have a unique design feature that allows a theoretically unlimited number of valves to be placed in a single well without incremental reductions to the inside diameter (ID). This near fullbore feature allows normal cementing operations to be performed with a special cement wiper plug. Introduction The US and Canadian tight-gas market is deploying new methods to stimulate multiple-layer reservoirs efficiently. The treat-and-produce (TAP) completion system has been developed to allow efficient treatment of individual layers in cemented cased-hole completions. TAP completions use special casing valves that isolate individual layers. The TAP valves are near full bore and do not require incremental ID reductions, thus allowing normal cementing operations. The TAP valves also have unique helical ports that align to any preferential fracture plane, regardless of the orientation of the valve in the casing string. These ports ensure that a single bi-wing fracture plane is initiated from the wellbore. Fracture-initiation pressures with TAP valves are expected to be comparable to openhole fracture-initiation pressure or be lower. The Main TAP Valve The main TAP valve is a sliding-sleeve valve with several unique features that enable it to open selectively one valve at a time and isolate previously treated layers. There is a C-ring in the main TAP valve that, when squeezed by a piston, reduces in size. The C-ring originally has the same ID as the valve, but when reduced in size, the C-ring becomes a seat on which the next ball or dart can seal. Fig. 1 shows a cross section of the main TAP valve and the C-ring in the run-in-hole position. The piston that squeezes the C-ring (the magenta-colored component in Fig. 1) is controlled by the pressure in a control line connected to the TAP valve below it. When the lower TAP valve is opened, the port to the control line is opened to the ID fluid. The control line, which was at atmospheric pressure, now has bore pressure. The upper TAP valve receives the bore pressure through the control line and ports it to the C-ring piston. The C-ring piston has two atmospheric chambers. When the bore pressure floods one of these atmospheric chambers, the C-ring piston moves and squeezes the C-ring and is able to catch the next ball or dart pumped down. When the dart lands on the C-ring seat, it creates a seal, and pump pressure pushes the sleeve open.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».