Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract A multi-well cold production model, developed at the Saskatchewan Research Council, was used to predict the effect of well spacing and in-fill drilling on oil recovery in cold production. Predictions of oil production as a function of well spacing were used to assess the comparative economics of five different well spacings: 10 acre, 20 acre, 40 acre, 60 acre and 80 acre. The 10 acre and 20 acre spacing appeared significantly less economical than the higher well spacings. For thin reservoirs (2m to 3m) where post-cold production does not appear as economical, 40 acre spacing is recommended. Predictions of additional oil recovery with in-fill wells were used to assess the economics of in-fill scheduling as a function of different in-fill scheduling times. In-filling a 40 acre spacing well with 10 acre spacing in-fill wells does not appear to be economical. Introduction The cold production (CHOPS) process, in which sand is deliberately produced, has been developed in Western Canada. With advances in the design of progressive cavity pumps, in sand disposal methods and in operating strategies, cold production has become an economical process1 well suited for thin (2 m to 10 m) heavy oil reservoirs. The roles of solution gas drive and sand production in the CHOPS process were first investigated by Smith2. He hypothesized that micro-bubbles would develop in heavy oil during primary production and maintain the reservoir pressure longer by increasing the compressibility of the oil/micro-bubble mixture. Flow visualization studies using glass micro-models, such as that of Bora et al.3, did not reveal the growth of micro-bubbles however. Ostos and Maini4 investigated the role of the capillary number in the solution gas drive process. The capillary number is a measure of the ratio of the viscous forces to interfacial tension forces. This number is defined as: Equation (Available in full paper) (1) where u is the pore velocity, μ is the viscosity and σ is the surface tension. Bora et al.3 observed that at low capillary numbers, gas bubbles would develop in the micro-model at a few locations on the surface of the pores and would grow into ganglia spanning several pores. These ganglia eventually connected leading to gas breakthrough and significantly reduced oil recovery. At higher capillary numbers, the bubbles would not grow into ganglia but would be broken up (dispersed) into the oil. The bubbles would then connect at higher gas saturations leading to greater oil recovery 3,4. Maini4 coined the term "foamy oil" for this gas in oil dispersion. Firoozabadi 5, based on a series of solution gas drive experiments, attributes the greater oil recovery factor for heavy oil compared to light oil, to the reduced gas flow in the former case. Because of the higher viscosity of the heavy oil, the molecular diffusivity of the dissolved methane is lower6. The gas bubbles will grow more slowly in the heavy oil because of the lower molecular diffusion coefficient and because of the higher viscosity of the heavy oil.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».