First Field Pilot of the THAI Process
Pourquoi ce travail est dans la base
Une base qui oublie comment elle a trouvé un travail ne peut pas être vérifiée. Voici les voies qui ont admis celui-ci.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Petrobank Energy and Resources Ltd., through its wholly owned subsidiary, WHITESANDS INSITU Ltd., is building the first field test of the Toe-to-Heel Air Injection (THAI™) process. Entitled WHITESANDS ™, the pilot will be conducted on Petrobank's 1.3-billion barrel bitumen lease 10 km west of Conklin, Alberta. Three vertical air injectors and three horizontal producers will be set at 100 m spacing. The presentation will describe the technology background, reservoir and site features, processing plant design, pilot objectives and the expected economics and environmental benefits. Introduction The first reported investigation of the use of horizontal wells for the in-situ combustion (ISC) process was by Greaves et al. at the University of Bath where they conducted experiments in a rectangular combustion cell, measuring 0.4 m × 0.4 m × 0.1 m. Three different well configurations were used: vertical injectorvertical producer (VIVP), representing a conventional ISC arrangement, vertical injector-horizontal producer (VIHP), representing Toe-to-Heel direct line drive, and horizontal injector-dual horizontal producer (HI2HP), or staggered line drive, another arrangement of Toe-to-Heel air injection. The Toe-to-Heel arrangement was generally much more stable than conventional ISC, due to greater control of gas override. Combustion peak temperatures of 400 °C were achieved, with oil recovery exceeding 66 % OOIP. The quality of the produced oil for the VIHP configuration was also higher, showing an increase of 5 ° API, compared to the crude oil value. Four Toe-to-Heel well configurations were used in a further study by Greaves et al. 1,2, to investigate the effect of oxygen flux, oxygen enrichment and wet combustion. Stable combustion front propagation was observed for all of the Toe- to-Heel direct line-drive well configurations, which included a parallel pair arrangement, similar to that used in SAGD (Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage). Very high sweep efficiencies were achieved, according to the movement of the high temperature front through the sandpack. Although the sweep was highest for wet combustion, the oil recovery was only marginally higher compared to dry combustion. In one case, HI2HP, the volumetric sweep reached 95 % of the sandpack volume. Oil recovery ranged from 72.1 to 78.8 % OOIP and the rate of oil production was significantly higher than for conventional ISC, using an HIHP well pattern. However, there was no apparent benefit from using enriched air (35 % oxygen), or increased air injection flux, although this was from a relatively low value. Substantial in-situ oil upgrading via thermal cracking of heavy residual was achieved, averaging an 8 °API increase. Toe-to-Heel Air Injection became known as THAI™, following a further series of experiments on light ‘Forties-Mix’ oil (30.7 °API), medium heavy oil Clair oil (20.8 °API) and heavy Wolf Lake crude oil (10.95 °API) 3,4. The experiments identified the existence of a well-controlled, narrow mobile oil zone (MOZ), created just ahead ahead of the combustion front Figure 1 shows the now familiar concept of THAI™.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle