Case History: Successful LWD Formation Evaluation and Drilling for Petro-Canada, at Wilson Creek, Alberta
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract The Mississippian Pekisko Formation is an important reservoir unit in southwest Alberta, running SSE-NNW parallel to the Pekisko erosive edge from about T20 R8W4 to T64 R12W5. The present study involves the area around Wilson Creek and Gilby North (T41-43, R3-5W5; Figure 1). In this area, although the most porous limestone and coarse-grained, dolomitized lithologies have been successfully produced using vertical wells, most production from the tighter, largely undolomitized rocks has been achieved only since the advent of horizontal drilling. Here, some 56 horizontal wells have been drilled since 1997, the majority by Encal/Calpine and Petro- Canada. These have resulted in 46 producers (43 gas and 3 oil) with 12 month initial production (IP) rates up to 376 e3m3/D and cumulative production to date of 0.1 to 17.8 BCF per well (mean 2.2 BCF) 1. All wells drilled prior to the 9–28 HZ were drilled with limited real time logging while drilling information; mainly gamma ray, gas detector and rate-of-penetration data. For the two wells discussed in this paper, a full suite of real time logging tools were run in conjunction with real time internet access to the data, which lead to more efficient execution of the operation. Introduction Asphaltene Precipitation in oil reservoir is Prejudicial to the economy of oil production because its deposition impairs oil flow to the wellbore. In site asphaltenedeposition causes permeability reduction and wettability changes. It is of great interest to be able to predict the condition that lead to such precipitation and to quantify the amount of precipitated asphaltenes. Gradual progress has been made in the modeling of asphaltene precipitation from Petroleum fluids in the last two decades. The modeling approaches can be classifiedinto five different categories:polymer solubility representation,equation of state,colloidal,thermodynamic micellization, andmolecular thermodynamics. The solubility model has been developed by Hirshberg et al(1). 4) and further applied by several authors(2),(3). The reversible liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) is governed by activity coefficients that are calculated from the Flory-Huggins polymer solution theory in order to account for the non- ideality of asphaltene and resin molecules. Another group of authors(4),(5) used a similar approach but considered asphaltenes as a solid component. The general equation that relates the solid to the liquid fugacity of pure sphaltenes depends on temperature and fusion properties(6). Recently, G.R. Pazuki and M. Nikookar et. al. (7) presented better results by modification of Flory- Huggins model. The equation of state model has been established by Gupta(8), and later modified by Nghiem et al. (9) It is also referred to as the solid model. The precipitated asphaltene phase is represented by a pure solid component while the liquid and vapor phases are modeled with an equation of state (EOS). The Peng- Robinson EOS was used to calculate the asphaltene precipitation by assigning different values of binary interaction coefficients to the precipitating and nonprecipitating pseudo components with light components. The model is easy to implement, however, it requires tuning of many parameters to match experimental data. Geology The Pekisko is a carbonate sequence up to 30 m thick that was deposited along a shoreline above a ramped continental margin (continuously sloped, as opposed to a rimmed margin marked by reef buildups). The dominant lithologies are coarsegrained limestones (grainstones) containing ooids and algalcoat
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».