Transport of Fine Sand From a Wellbore
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the transport of fine sand in the entrance region of a progressing cavity pump. The study was performed to provide additional information on the behaviour of the sand slurry flow within a heavy oil well. Tests were carried out with both glycerine and water flows, with the addition of sand in the form of slugs or as a continuous feed to form a sand slurry. Several geometries of the pump intake were used. The different flow regimes observed suggest modes of operation of heavy oil wells that may be used to better avoid sanding or shutting in of wells. These results, in addition to being useful to industry, should also inspire more theoretical studies to explain the formation of the various flow features. Introduction The flow in a heavy oil well consists of a mixture of very viscous heavy oil, gas, water, and fine sand. For these wells, sand production can be a costly problem(1). Within the pump entrance area, there is potential for the sand to choke the flow within the well ("sanding") and production equipment. Sand may form bridges or arches within the annulus of the well to reduce flow tothe pump. Sand may also restrict flow at the intake to the pump, which can result in pump damage. It is possible that the problems associated with sand production are so costly that the well does not operate within economic limits, and is subsequently shut in or abandoned. Field monitoring of solids production in heavy oil wells typically classifies sand entrance into the wellbore to be either "continuous," where a reasonably constant value of sand is produced, or "sluggery," where slugs with high sand concentrations enter the wellbore(1). This paper presents the results of a visualization study to investigate the mechanics of slurry flow in a heavy oil well in the area around the entrance of a progressing cavity pump(2, 3). The purpose of the study was to investigate the flow regimes created in the pump entrance area by changes in the flow rate and properties of the sand slurry fed into the well, and to assess the impact of each on sand removal in the area around the pump intake. Both a very viscous glycerine-sand slurry and a water-sand slurry were used in the experiments to examine the effect of fluid viscosity. The transport of sand was observed in a single liquid phase, with the sand added in slug form or as a continuous feed. The study also investigated the effect of the geometry of the pump intake region on sand removal from the area. Several interesting flow phenomena were observed, and are described herein. Experimental Arrangement and Experiments The visualization model, shown in Figure 1, examined a 1.35 m section around the pump entrance and was close in size to typical heavy oil wells in Western Canada.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».