SS: Fiber Moorings, Recent Experiences and Research: Updating API RP 2SM on Synthetic Fiber Rope for Offshore Moorings
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract The 1st Edition of API RP 2SM — Recommended Practice for Design, Manufacture, Installation and Maintenance of Synthetic Fiber Ropes for Offshore Mooring — was released in March 2001. Prior to then, most of the actual synthetic fiber rope mooring applications were installed in Brazil by Petrobras. Since the publication of RP 2SM, polyester moorings have been used in other deepwater basins, including the Gulf of Mexico, for both temporary drilling MODUs and permanent FPSs. Much has been learned from the actual design, manufacture, installation and operation of these systems by other operators and contractors throughout the past decade. This work has created an extensive knowledge base in the areas of both synthetic fiber rope behavior and mooring system design. To best capture these new learnings, an API Task Group assembled to perform a major update in developing a 2nd Edition. API RP 2SM is the recognized standard for synthetic fiber offshore moorings in the Gulf of Mexico as well as other deepwater basins of the world. It is used in conjunction with API RP 2SK (Design and Analysis of Stationkeeping Systems for Floating Structures, 2005) and API RP 2I (In-Service Inspection of Mooring Hardware for Floating Structures, 2008) for the design, manufacture, installation and maintenance of both temporary and permanent synthetic fiber mooring systems. This paper will present the key changes in the update of this API RP. Reasons for the changes and significance on a synthetic fiber offshore mooring project will be discussed. Major changes in the RP include sections on elongation and stiffness testing, contact with the seafloor, creep rupture and axial tension compression fatigue. The new guidance in the RP will allow for improved synthetic fiber mooring systems design, installation and operation while also potentially reducing cost. Introduction In 1997, Petrobras installed a 12-point taut leg polyester mooring system on its P-27 semisubmersible floating production system in the Campos Basin, offshore Brazil. This installation was a first in the offshore industry, and since then Petrobras has installed more than 20 polyester mooring systems on semis, FSOs and FPSOs. In 2004, BP was the first to install a polyester mooring system in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) on its Mad Dog spar. Anadarko followed shortly by installing a polyester system on its Red Hawk cell spar. Since then several other projects (Gomez, Tahiti, Blind Faith, Independence Hub, Thunder Hawk, Mirage and Perdido) have used polyester mooring systems in the GoM. Polyster moorings are planned for future GoM projects, including Petrobras's Chinook and Cascade development. Additionally, polyester has been used for the Kikeh spar moorings in Malaysia as well as several CALM buoy moorings and turret moorings throughout the world. Similarly on the MODU side, in 2001 both Shell and BP successfully performed a full scale field trial of polyester mooring systems from a MODU. Since then, such systems have become more commonly used. In particular, after the 2004 and 2005 hurricanes, the use of polyester mooring on the MODUs has greatly increased as a possible means to mitigate overload failure or damage to infrastructure on the seafloor should a mooring system failure occur and the MODU go adrift during a hurricane.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,020 | 0,035 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,007 | 0,008 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,007 | 0,009 |
| Science ouverte | 0,003 | 0,005 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,003 | 0,004 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,010 | 0,010 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».