Effects of Single and Repeated Exposures to Ethanol on Hypothalamic β-Endorphin and CRH Release by the C57BL/6 and DBA/2 Strains of Mice
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Ethanol has been shown to enhance the in vitro release of hypothalamic beta-endorphin (beta-EP). In the present study, the pattern of beta-EP release by the hypothalamus of two strains of mice, bred selectively for their preference (C57BL/6) or aversion (DBA/2) to ethanol, was investigated using a tissue perifusion system. The tissues were perifused with 20 mM ethanol for 30 min and the immunoreactive beta-EP content was estimated in perifusates collected every 2 min. Ethanol induced an enhanced release of hypothalamic beta-EP characterized by an initial spike followed by a gradual decrease toward baseline levels in both strains of mice. The ethanol-induced increase in beta-EP release by the hypothalamus of the C57BL/6 mice was more pronounced and longer lasting than that by the hypothalamus of the DBA/2 mice. Similar to beta-EP, an immediate sharp increase of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) release was induced by ethanol which, however, did not present a spike but was maintained significantly higher than spontaneous release for the duration of ethanol exposure. Both ethanol-induced beta-EP and CRH release returned to basal levels within 10 min following removal of ethanol. That beta-EP levels did not remain elevated for the duration of ethanol exposure was not due to tissue depletion of releasable beta-EP pool, since exposure of the hypothalami to 10(-8) M CRH for 10 min, immediately after the perifusion with 20 mM ethanol, resulted in a large increase of beta-EP release. A second ethanol exposure 30 min after the first one did not induce an increase in beta-EP release. However, when the recovery period from the first ethanol exposure was extended to 60 min, a significant increase in the release of hypothalamic beta-EP was observed from the hypothalamus of the C57BL/6 but not of the DBA/2 mice. It is concluded that hypothalamic endorphinergic neurons present a fast, transient increase of beta-EP release in the presence of 20 mM ethanol, and become insensitive to subsequent ethanol exposures for a period of about 60 min. In addition, genetically determined differences exist with regards to the magnitude and duration of the ethanol-stimulated release of beta-EP, as well as on the length of the ethanol nonresponsive period. These differences may explain in part the differences in the voluntary ethanol consumption exhibited by these strains of mice.
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Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle