Chemical Sand Consolidation - Developing a Strategic Capability Across a Wide Portfolio
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Mechanical sand control completions are often used to optimise hydrocarbon production from weak formations. In a few wells this primary sand control method has sub-optimal performance. There is substantial value in remediating some of these wells, but developing this capability is not a quick and simple task. Recompleting a well could be feasible, but is often cost prohibitive. Mechanical solutions could be applied to stem sand production if the sand producing interval is known; however, in some cases chemical sand consolidation is the most effective approach. Chemical sand consolidation works by pumping chemicals downhole to strengthen the formation and stop sanding. In most cases reported in the industry, chemical consolidation has been used in short production intervals (<100m). Our approach was to develop a laboratory programme to test various industry chemicals and to achieve a good understanding of how these can be applied. Candidate wells were matched to chemicals to identify which systems (may be more than one) would be the best fit. The strategy was to initially trial the technology in low-rate onshore wells (typically <1 mmscf/d), before moving progressively to more challenging wells (up to 2,500 bopd). The wells were split into 3 groups based on their complexity: (1) proppant flow back remediation, (2) <100m producing interval and (3) >100m intervals. Each has unique challenges, but this approach facilitated a progressive learning curve. In proppant flow back remediation 7 field applications were conducted with 100% success rate. Longer intervals were successfully treated over time. Matrix consolidation presented a bigger challenge - 10 field trials have been carried out with a mix of successes and failures. A key learning is that adequate placement of the chemicals is critical. Chemical sand consolidation would fulfil its potential only when the chemicals can be reliably delivered to the target sand-producing zone – (often unknown), and remain static to allow sufficient curing time. Some treatments have been bullheaded (i.e pumped down the production tubing); others have been placed with coiled tubing. Operator has successfully developed an organisational capability whereby this technology can be part of the toolkit and - where appropriate - can be applied with a reasonably high chance of success to add value. Wells have been treated in the Lower 48 states in the USA, Canada, Alaska, Azerbaijan and Egypt and other wells are constantly being evaluated. Well types include oil and gas producers, onshore and offshore, with reservoir temperatures from 29 °C to 135°C. This technology is therefore being used across a wide well portfolio.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,004 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,004 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,002 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».