Climatic variability alters the outcome of long‐term community assembly
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Summary We used seed additions to test experimentally whether long‐term community assembly unfolds consistently (deterministic model) or whether different outcomes are possible depending on variations in climate and the presence of exotic dominants (stochastic model). The experiment was conducted in homogeneous semi‐arid grassland on the northern Great Plains of North America. Native grass seed additions in each of 3 years (1994–96) were combined factorially with repeated selective herbicide applications to reduce the cover of the extant dominant, a Eurasian C 3 grass ( Agropyron cristatum ). We assessed whether composition converged or diverged among treatments between 1996 and 2004. The outcome of long‐term community assembly varied by establishment year, in association with significant variations in monthly growing‐season precipitation from 68‐year averages during the years when seed was added. In 2004, the added native C 4 grass Bouteloua gracilis dominated plots sprayed and seeded in 1994 and 1995, resisting re‐invasion and having significantly higher plot diversity. In contrast, plots sown in 1996 – one of the driest years on record – reverted to the exotic C 3 grass. Seeded but unsprayed plots maintained their pre‐treatment dominance by exotic grass. Rainfall variability was also associated with the extent of exotic grass cover and bare soil in unsprayed plots, and natural recruitment by native species from nearby prairie. Establishment success varied significantly among the added species. All seeded grasses, other than B. gracilis , were mostly absent by 2004. The failure of these native C 3 species to establish appears consistent with deterministic assembly models where local abiotic conditions filter out unsuitable species. Synthesis . Our results indicate that stochastic and deterministic processes operate simultaneously to influence community assembly, depending on interactions among climate, seed availability, species identity and disturbance during the initial stages of establishment. Multiple assembly trajectories developed, but the assembled communities did not include all the added species. Conversion of degraded grassland back to native‐dominated grassland was possible, but only with the removal of the exotic dominant and seed additions during years that were suitably wet for establishment. Once formed, however, the assembled native community resisted re‐invasion. This suggests that native grassland restoration will depend on establishment measures as intense as those used during initial cultivation almost a century earlier.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,006 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».