Investigation of Post CHOPS Enhanced Oil Recovery of Alkali Metal Silicide Technology
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Alkali metal silicides have ability to enhance oil recovery in a variety of light, medium and heavy oil reservoirs. These chemicals, which include the silicides of sodium (Na), potassium (K) and lithium (Li), are free-flowing granules or very fine powders that are applied downhole in hydrocarbon dispersions. When introduced into a formation through an appropriate non-aqueous carrier fluid, these materials rapidly react with the water in the reservoir pore space, releasing hydrogen gas and heat, and converting into alkali silicates. The silicide-water reaction combined with the flooding process provides multiple mechanisms in the reservoir to enhance oil recovery. Enhanced oil recovery mechanisms include: energy addition through the generation of hydrogen; oil viscosity reductions due to hydrogen solubilization, temperature increase and solvent dilution from the carrier fluid; interfacial tension reduction due to in-situ surfactant generation from interaction of the crude oil organic acids in the reservoir oil with the alkalinity from the produced silicates; and potential improvement of water wettability in carbonate reservoirs. This one chemical combines the effects of thermal, drive energy and chemical mechanisms. In this work, a field-scale numerical simulation study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of cyclically injecting an alkali metal silicide into the wormhole structures of a post CHOPS (cold heavy oil production with sand) reservoir. The Computer Modeling Group's (CMG) STARS simulator was used to perform the simulations; the model consists of six vertical wells with wormhole structures developed using proprietary wormhole growth models that are based on actual field production histories from a representative CHOPS field in Canada (the Lloydminster, Alberta and Saskatchewan region). Multiple simulation cases were run to investigate the effects of injected cycle volume, cycle time, injection rate and silicide concentration. A sensitivity analysis was performed on parameters affecting the slurry model and dispersion rates of the silicide in the reservoir. The preliminary economics of the process were calculated and used to identify an optimized and cost-effective injection strategy, which can subsequently be used as a basis to design a field trial application. The study results showed that the cyclic injection of sodium silicide in a post CHOPS reservoir can in fact improve the recovery of oil in place. The study shows that the predominant recovery mechanism is likely the pressure maintenance of the reservoir that provides energy for continued oil production. This, coupled with secondary oil viscosity reductions, enable the cyclic injection of silicide to increase production for an additional 5 to 10 years, thereby adding 25 to 50% to recoverable reserves under favorable economics. This paper discusses the impacts of the in situ generation of heat, hydrogen and alkali silicate for post CHOPS augmentation and summarizes the key findings of the simulation study and economic modeling.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».