Choice without markets: homeschooling in the context of private education
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Résumé
Abstract Homeschooling is enjoying new‐found acceptance in North America. Drawing on a variety of secondary sources and our own data from Ontario, Canada, we find that homeschooling is growing steadily, and is becoming an increasingly legitimated form of education. To understand these changes, we review prevailing sociological explanations that focus on the rise of neo‐liberal ideology, and pressures of class reproduction and human capital requirements. We document the contributions of these theories and note their limits for understanding the rising popularity of homeschooling. We then situate homeschooling within a broader context of private education, distinguishing segments that encourage market‐consumer, class reproduction, human capital and 'expressive' logics. The combination of large investments of time and effort with highly uncertain outcomes makes homeschooling the most expressive form of private education, which we trace to the burgeoning culture of 'intensive parenting.' Acknowledgements This research was funded by a grant from the Social Science and Humanities Research Council. The authors are listed in alphabetical order. They would like to thank Linda Quirke for her assistance with data collection and her helpful suggestions. Notes 1. We define education as private when it is not governed or funded by state bodies. 'Homeschooling' refers to 'parent or guardians educating their children at home by choice,' as distinct from educating a child at home because he/she is not able to attend school (Luffman, Citation1997, p. 30). 2. Some of these data were collected with Linda Quirke, who is studying new private schools in Toronto. 3. Homeschooling associations provide much more generous figures. In Canada, one estimates that approximately 100,000 students are currently homeschooled (http://www.life.ca/hs/). In the United States, the Home School Legal Defence Association put the number of homeschooling children between 1.725 million and 2.185 million in 2001–2002 (see http://www.hslda.org/research/faq.asp#1). 4. See http://www.ontariohomeschool.org/ppm131.html 5. Searching the database of a major Canadian bookseller, we found 60 books on homeschooling. No less than 90% of these books have been published since 1997. Of these, 52 were 'how to' books, only two had religious themes and only one made explicit reference to John Holt or unschooling. There are now even books on the topic in the 'for dummies' series. Homeschooling has truly entered the literary mainstream!
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Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle