Primary vasculature in Chenopodiaceae: a re-interpretation and implications for systematics and evolution
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The foliar theory of the stem, the application of which has been restricted to the pteridophytes, is now extended to the spermatophytes and the vasculature of the primary stem is viewed as a sympodium of foliar traces. Several new terms have been coined for the description of the primary vasculature; these include terms for vascular reticula and sympodia and two new conventions, the interleaf articulation ratio and interleaf articulation spacing. The patterns of primary vasculature in 20 Chenopodiaceous taxa have been re-described using a synoptic descriptive style. Based on the primary vasculature, within the Chenopodiaceae, two clear-cut groups have been recognized: (1) a Trioid vascular group, with 3-traced leaves and a median composite double trace, or taxa having such an ancestry; and (2) a Monoid vascular group, comprising taxa with 1-traced leaves and a composite double trace, or with this ancestry. The first group comprises the tribes Beteae , Chenopodieae , Atripliceae and probably the Polycnemeae and Corispermeae . The second group comprises the tribes Salsoleae , Suaedeae , Salicornieae and Camphorosmeae . In both the groups, reticulate and open vasculature are found, the latter being the derived state; the open vasculature derived from 3-traced ancestry is found to be different from that derived from 1-traced ancestry. These two groups differ from the subfam. Chenopodioideae ( Cyclolobeae ) and Salsoloideae ( Spirolobeae ), the groups identified on the basis of the cycloid/spiroid embryonic types. They match well with the groups identified from the chloroplast DNA analysis and appear to have distinct adaptive strategies; the first with modified/accrescent bracts, and the second with modified/accrescent perianth lobes. The findings from the primary vasculature therefore support the re-circumscription of the two subfamilies Chenopodioideae and Salsoloideae and the transfer of the tribes Camphorosmeae and Salicornieae to Salsoloideae . The processes involved in the diversification of primary vasculature in the Chenopodiaceae have been: changes from spiral to opposite phyllotaxy, reduction in the number of vertical rows of leaves, closed to open vasculature, non-storied to storied reticula, asymmetric to symmetric reticula, change in the loci of vascular articulations from the contributory arms to terminal arm of the composite trace, and wedgedsagittate to entire-acute base of reticula. Development of open vasculature from closed vasculature probably took place several times and followed independent lines. Therefore, many tribes in the family may be paraphyletic. Evolution of distichous sympodia from monostichous sympodia and vice versa, as proposed by earlier authors have been refuted. Strong correspondence of inference emerging from analysis of chloroplast DNA and primary vasculature refutes the probability of a protostelic origin of the eustele. It is argued that an atactostelic condition might have been ancestral, which gave rise to the protostelic condition on the one hand, and on the other to the eustele. The angiosperm leaf is considered as a composite organ formed by the syngenesis of two or more leaves/leaf lobes from different nodes, the details of which remain to be determined.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».