Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Cold heavy oil production (CHOP) is an aggressive recovery process that has been used in the development of unconsolidated heavy oil reservoirs. It is believed that wormhole structures are generated during this process and the structures provide the main conduits for fluid flow; therefore, an understanding of the effects of wormhole structures is critical for primary and post cold production. A comprehensive semi-analytical model coupling the reservoir/wormhole flow has been developed to study the effects of wormholes. This model is based on the source and Green's functions method, which has been widely practiced in horizontal and multilateral well analyses to solve the unsteady flow problems. This model is also quite flexible to incorporate any wormhole hydraulic model, which is necessary to consider the foamy oil and sand flow in terms of the pressure drop along wormholes; moreover, the model can be used under a variety of reservoir boundary conditions, such as closed boundary, constant pressure boundary, etc. In this paper, the effects of wormhole patterns, wormhole scales, wormhole diameters, wormhole branching, and pressure drop along the wormhole on the cold production have been analyzed extensively. The model not only provides a powerful tool to understand the effects of wormholes, but also offers a way to analyze the possible wormhole structures and to optimize/predict the reservoir fluid production in the heavy oil cold production process. Introduction Cold production is a non-thermal process in which sand is aggressively produced to obtain a higher oil production rate. It is believed that wormhole structures are generated during this process and the wormhole structures provide the main conduits for fluid flow. The presence of wormholes has been confirmed according to the observations made in oil fields and investigations in laboratory experiments. Numerous tracer surveys were conducted in the Clearwater reservoir, Linderberg1and S. E. Pauls Valley, Oklahoma2and rapid communications were observed between wells confirming the existence of linear conduits which contain little to no matrix material. The results of a seismic survey in Burnt Lake3had ruled out the formation of a big cavity surrounding the wellbore. Husky Oil Operation Ltd.4 conducted a short-term test and fracture-like behavior was observed at the injection pressures much lower than the generally accepted fracture strengths of the undisturbed formation. Pressure tests conducted by Mobile Oil Canada in the Celtic field5indicated that inflow was dominated by linear flow and the permeability increase was on the order of three to five times of the undisturbed matrix permeability. An extremely high porosity channel was also observed in the laboratory experiment conducted by Tremblay.6 The use of Source and Green's functions method to solve the unsteady, pseudo-steady or steady flow problems is widely practiced in vertical, slant, horizontal, and multilateral wells. For example, based on Source and Green's functions, Yildiz and Ozkan et al.7, 8 proposed a three-dimensional analytical model to analyze the transient flow into perforated vertical, horizontal, and slant wells. In their models, it is possible to consider non-uniform distribution of perforations and each perforation may have different penetration length and skin factor.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».