Application of the nonlinear antenna theory model to a tall tower struck by lightning for the evaluation of return stroke channel current and radiated electromagnetic fields
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
[1] In this paper an improved antenna theory (AT) model with nonlinearly varying resistive loading and fixed inductive loading is used to electromagnetically simulate lightning strikes to tall structures. Measurement data captured from Toronto's CN tower are used to verify the validity of the new model. Both the return stroke channel (RSC) and the tower are modeled by straight thin conducting wires. The wire model of the channel is assumed to have distributed nonlinear resistive elements as a function of current and time, adopted from the numerical models of a spark channel and consequent shockwave from a lightning discharge, yielding a varying value of the channel radius from the base to the cloud along the RSC. Such distributed elements are used to take into account the current attenuation while propagating along the channel and varying propagation speeds lower than the speed of light. RSC current distribution and radiated electromagnetic fields in near, intermediate, and far range distances predicted by the proposed model are compared with those obtained from the measurement data and with those of the original AT model and the AT with fixed inductive loading (ATIL-F) model. Current wave propagation speed profile in RSC and tower is investigated as a function of height as well. The effects of applying different tower geometry models are also studied. It is shown that the new model is able to reproduce one of the characteristic features of the electromagnetic fields radiated by lightning, namely, the far-field inversion of polarity with a zero crossing occurring in the tens of microseconds range. We have also investigated the effect of nonlinearity of the channel assumed in the new model. It is shown that among the electromagnetic models, distributed nonlinear resistance along the channel leads to a zero crossing in the tens of microseconds range even for large values of resistance. It is also shown that decreasing the nonlinearity results in the predictions asymptotically converging to those of the ATIL-F model in which a uniformly distributed resistance along the channel is used. Further, the profile of the return stroke current attenuation and speed and removed charge as a function of height are investigated. Finally, the effect of lossy ground is analyzed using Wait-Cooray convolution formula in the time domain to verify the validity of PEC assumption in the proposed model.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».