A 10-WEEK EXERCISE INTERVENTION IMPROVES BALANCE IN 65???75 YEAR OLD WOMEN WITH OSTEOPOROSIS

Recurrent falling is an independent risk factor for osteoporotic fracture. Many risk factors for falling have been identified these include muscle weakness, and impaired balance. Physical activity has been shown to improve muscle strength and coordination and thus may reduce the risk of falling and subsequent fracture. Yet there have been very few randomized controlled trials employing an exercise intervention in women with proven osteoporosis. We recrulted sixty (65–75 y) women with osteoporosls (BMD T-score at the total hip or lumbar spine [L2-L4] less than −2.5 by DXA [Lunar]) from the osteoporosis clinic at British Columbia's Women's Hospital. These women were randomized to either control group or exercise group (Osteofit). Osteofit is a twice weekly, one hour long community based exercise programme for women and men with osteoporosis. It aims to reduce the participants' risk of falling and improve their functional ability by specifically using exercises that target posture, balance, galt, coordination, and hip and trunk stabilization. Baseline measures included the modified CaMos questionnaire, the mini-mental state questionnaire, the Oswestry back pain questionnaire, the quality of life questionnaire of the European Foundation for osteoporosis (QUALEFFO), quadriceps strength (seated maximal knee extension against an ankle strap incoporating strain gauge), static balance (computerized posturography [Equitest]), dynamic balance/gait (2 laps of a 20 metre figure of 8 course), height (sitting and standing) and weight. The latter seven measures were repeated at 10 weeks. There were no significant differences between the exercise and control groups at baseline for any measures. At 10 weeks, the exercise group improved significantly on Equitest while the control group did not as shown in the significant interaction (F(1,47) = 4.24, p = 0.045). There was a significant effect of time on both quadriceps strength (corrected for height)(F(1,46) = 11.99, p = 0.001) and figure of 8 (F(1,46) = 8.57, p = 0.005) in both groups. There was no significant difference in the change over time between the two groups on either quadriceps strength (Δexercise = 1.2 kg and Δcontrol = −2.6 kg) or figure of 8 (Δexercise and control = −1.2 sec). No significant difference was found on any of the five domains of QUALEFFO. These novel data suggest that a 10-week community based exercise programme significantly improves balance in 65–75 year old women with osteoporosis and thus, may reduce risk for falling.

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