BMI IN THE OLD ORDER AMISH: RESPONSE
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Dear Editor-in-Chief: Drs. Snitker and Shuldiner present some fascinating data on body mass index (BMI) and diabetes prevalence in Old Order Amish living in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania (2,5). As they note, some of the disparity in BMI between their study population and ours may be attributable to a difference in the mean age of the groups. Differences in recruitment methods, genetic predisposition to obesity, and dietary intake also cannot be ruled out. We continue to believe, however, that the scarcity of obesity among the Amish adults we studied is related to their active lifestyle. This Amish community in Ontario, Canada, was specifically chosen because we wanted to study the physical activity habits of a traditional, agrarian group whose lifestyle is similar to that of most North Americans 150 yr ago (1). This group is one of the more technologically conservative branches of the Old Order Amish. Not all Amish communities are the same, and considerable differences in lifestyle and in the adoption of modern technology exist. In Ohio, Indiana, and Pennsylvania farmland has become very expensive (4). As a result, some farms have been subdivided into smaller plots, and many Amish have resorted to operating cottage industries and small businesses. These include woodworking, cabinetry, metalworking, and crafts. Some Amish run bakeries, tourist shops, and tax accounting practices (4). We observed the presence of microindustries in Ontario, but they were scarce. The proportion of Amish men who made their living from farming was 78% in our study, compared with only 40% in the Lancaster County study (2). Even among Amish who farm, there are differences in the extent to which modern technology is used in working the land. The Ontario Old Order Amish do not use farm equipment (forage choppers, corn pickers, hydraulic plows) that might be allowed in less strict Amish communities. We also saw no evidence of mechanical gutter cleaners, storage and cooling tanks for milk, milking machines, and forklifts that are allowed in more mechanized Amish communities (3). In the home, the Ontario Old Order Amish also favor the old-fashioned approach. They use kerosene lanterns and rely on iceboxes rather than propane or kerosene refrigerators. They do not have continuous hot water, though they do have indoor toilets, bathtubs, and gasoline-powered wringer washing machines. Personal telephones in the home are not permitted. Even bicycles and roller blades are forbidden, although these might result in substantial physical activity! The disparity in the extent to which modern technology has been adopted by various Amish communities and other Anabaptist groups (e.g., Mennonites and Hutterites) presents an opportunity for studying how technology impacts health and fitness. Standardizing methods used in data collection would allow for such comparisons. David R. Bassett, Jr. Patrick Schneider University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Gertrude E. Huntington University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,004 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,004 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
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