Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This article, written by Senior Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 150706, ’An Integrated Technology-Development Plan for Solvent- Based Recovery of Heavy Oil,’ by Thomas J. Boone, SPE, Imperial Oil Resources, and Chick Wattenbarger, SPE, Scott Clingman, SPE, and Jasper Dickson, SPE, ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, prepared for the 2011 SPE Heavy Oil Conference and Exhibition, Kuwait City, Kuwait, 12-14 December. The paper has not been peer reviewed. ExxonMobil and its Canadian affiliate Imperial Oil Resources are pursuing an integrated research program to develop the next-generation heavy-oil-recovery processes that use hydrocarbon solvents as a mobilizing agent. Key benefits of solvent-based processes are improved environmental performance, improved economics, and recovery of a resource that is not achievable with thermal processes. Introduction As used herein, a solvent-assisted process is one in which solvent is added to steam whereas a solvent-based process is one in which solvent is substituted for steam. The term solvent process is used to refer to both solvent-assisted and solvent-based recovery processes. These processes use solvents—typically, light hydrocarbons (e.g., propane or butane) or mixtures of light hydrocarbons (e.g., gas condensates or diluents)—to mobilize the heavy oil in the reservoir. Thermal processes including steam-flooding, cyclic steam stimulation (CSS), and steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) are highly effective recovery processes that enable economical recovery levels that equal or exceed recoveries achieved in most conventional oil fields. Thermal processes are very effective at recovering heavy oil from the best-quality resource: thick, clean sands with high bitumen saturation and high porosity and permeability. However, the efficiency of thermal processes degrades significantly and these processes become less economically attractive in lower-quality resources. Solvent processes have the potential to enable economical recovery of additional resource that cannot be recovered economically with thermal processes. Solvent-Recovery-Process Classification The technical success of thermal-recovery processes lies fundamentally in the three to five order-of-magnitude viscosity reductions that can be achieved when heavy oil is heated to temperatures that can be achieved practically with steam. Solvent/heavy-oil mixtures can achieve similar viscosity reductions in combination with heat or with only the addition of solvent. Fig. 1 shows the effect of temperature and solvent concentration on the resulting mixture viscosity. Typically, heavy-oil-recovery processes endeavor to reduce the flowing-mixture viscosity to 10 cp or lower. While there is a wide variety of solvents that can bring about similar viscosity reductions, the need for relatively low-cost, commercially available, large volumes with acceptable health and environmental characteristics tends to favor the use of relatively pure or mixed light alkanes, such as propane, butane, pentane, gas condensates, or pipeline-quality diluents.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».