Investigation of the Hydrodynamics of Suspended Cells for Reliable Inkjet Cell Printing
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Reliable inkjet drop-on-demand dispensing of cells has numerous applications including cell assays and tissue engineering. Previous work on inkjet cell printing has demonstrated that the cell count per droplet is inhomogeneous and does not follow the expected Poisson distribution. In the present work, the flow-induced cell behaviour is characterised to better understand the hydrodynamic mechanisms behind unreliable cell printing. A glass piezoelectric inkjet nozzle with an 80 μm diameter orifice is mounted on a PDMS cast which acts as a refractive index matching material for cell tracking through an inverted microscope. Droplet formation is achieved by a bipolar waveform. A high-speed camera focused on the centre plane of the nozzle captures images which are then analysed by a cell tracking algorithm to obtain the horizontal and vertical position of the cells over time. High-speed tracking of cells within a transparent inkjet nozzle revealed three possible cell behaviours caused by the formation and break-off of droplets. These behaviours are cell travel, cell ejection and cell reflection, determined as a function of the position of the cell at the onset of droplet formation. The first behaviour, cell travel, is characterised as the displacement of the cell towards the orifice during droplet formation followed by a small backwards motion due to the retracting meniscus after droplet pinch-off. Cell travel results in a net forward displacement of the cell towards the nozzle orifice. The second observed cell behaviour is cell ejection, where a cell is ejected with a droplet and can no longer be observed within the nozzle after the droplet break-off. The third observed cell behaviour is cell reflection. In this case, hydrodynamic forces produced during droplet ejection acts on the cell to move it further away from the nozzle orifice resulting in a net displacement of the cell away from the orifice after droplet ejection. Through the cell tracking information, it is hypothesized that cell reflection is caused by fluid flow reversal during the droplet ejection process. As a result of cell reflection, certain cells within a region close to the orifice will not be printed; instead they are pushed to a location further away from the orifice. Therefore, mapping of cell positions before droplet formation is performed to identify regions within the nozzle that exhibit a high probability of cell ejection and reflection. Overall, the results from this study will greatly contribute to our understanding of the cell printing process, which will allow us to optimize current inkjet systems for cell printing applications.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».