"The crucial question seems to me how is democracy institutionalized…": A conversation with Darko Suvin
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Darko Suvin is a Yugoslav-born academic, philosopher and poet. He became a Professor at McGill University in Montreal, and is now emeritus. He was born in Zagreb, Croatia, and after teaching at the Department for Comparative Literature at Zagreb University, moved to Canada in 1968. He is best known for several major works of criticism and literary history devoted to science fiction. His work also includes political theory and dramaturgy. He was editor oi Science-Fiction Studies (later Science Fiction Studies) from 1973 to 1980 and is the author of poetry and numerous theoretical works, such as Metamorphoses of Science Fiction, To Brecht and Beyond, Positions and Presuppositions in Science Fiction, Lessons of Japan, U.S. Science Fiction and War/Militarism, and Defined by a Hollow. Since his retirement from McGill in 1999, he has lived in Lucca, Italy. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. Recently, his book Kje smof Kam gremoi Xa politicno epistemologico odresitve (Where are we? Where are we going? For a political epistemologa of salvation) has been translated into Slovene and published by Zalozba Sophia, which gave us the opportunity to have a conversation on art, society, and pertinent questions regarding the contemporary political situation. This book is also available in Croatian (Gdje smof Kuda idemoi Za politicku epistemologiju spasa: eseji za orijentaciju i djelovanje u oskudnom vremenu [Zagreb 2006]).KP: In one of your lectures on the occasion of the publication of the Slovene translation of your book Where are wei Where are we goingi For a political epistemology of salvation, you mentioned that art is a field of cognition. Why would you say it has always been so difficult to integrate the field of art (art practices, as well as artists) as an equally relevant field of society - art often being perceived either as a kind of propaganda tool for different social, political struggles or as an isolated sphere that has its seeming autonomy?DS: I think the answer is implicit in your last clause: art as propaganda for immediate sociopolitical conflicts or as an autonomous sphere. These are in fact the two logical extremes of an alienated state of affairs collectively and personally. an artist needs is a public sphere or civic (civil) society to address, to grow out from and receive responses from, that is, to interpellate and be interpellated by. To the contrary, when collectivities around the artist are corrupt, s/he flees to elitist autonomy as the only defense. When individuals around her and including her are necessarily also corrupt, the artist is drawn into direct struggles to overcome this alienated corruption, as in Zupancic's great Ves poet svoj dolg? (Do You Know, Oh Poet, Your Debt?)2 Both paths are at times very legitimate but a la longue unhealthy - too much is bracketed out in each. Both are potentially cognitive but never fully so. As long as economic and political power is not fully and transparently vested in people associated in directly democratic ways, so long shall we be stuck on the horns of this inescapable but unhealthy dilemma.And yet: the cognitions arrived at by art will still be, in the best cases, Utopian foreshadowings, glimpses, and guesses, of a non-alienated state of relationships between people, une promesse de bonheur as Stendhal well put it. As I wrote in Essay 4 of Where are wei Where are we going?, with the title What may the 20th century amount to?: best surviving articulation of lived non-official experience is in Joyce, Kafka, Meyerhold, Mayakovsky, Chaplin, Brecht, Krleza, Andric, Picasso, Tatlin, Larionov, Magritte, Ernst, Eisenstein, Benjamin, Lorca, Neruda, Bartok, Shostakovich ... Even when they were at some times forced to compromise, the compromises (Life of Galileo, Ivan the Terrible, The Leningrad Symphony, The Dove of Peace) are usually honorable, engaged, and advance our understanding. (Dear reader, you can put your own examples instead of mine, of course. …
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,014 | 0,015 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,023 | 0,041 |
| Communication savante | 0,017 | 0,016 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,007 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,010 | 0,021 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».