Notice bibliographique
Résumé
APPOINTMENTAlmost 13 years after retiring from politics, the unwild and uncrazy Wilson, the finance minister and then the international trade minister in the two majority governments of former conservative prime minister Brian Mulroney, was named ambassador to the United States, Canada's most important diplomatic posting.It was a critical choice by the newly appointed minority government of Prime Minister Stephen Harper in February 2006. Relations between Canada and the United States had deteriorated sharply under Harper's Liberal predecessors, Jean Chretien and Paul Martin, even though Martin had made improved relations a priority. Matters weren't helped by the fact that there hadn't been an effective, long-serving ambassador in for a number of years. Frank McKenna, the former Liberal premier of New Brunswick, resigned after only 10 months in the position after Harper won the election of 23 January. Former Deputy Prime Minister John Manley, like McKenna a Liberal leadership candidate who ultimately decided not to run, had been offered the embassy under Martin but declined.Given the offer to Manley and the appointment of McKenna, it was hardly a surprise that the embassy was offered to another politician, rather than to a diplomat. And that, according to one well-placed source, was not a bad thing: Washington is the last place you need a traditional diplomat. Canada needs a decision-maker like Wilson who understands politics in Washington.Nor was it a surprise-though a tribute to the confidence that Harper had in Wilson-that the politician chosen was from the old Progressive Conservative side of the party, and had been a senior minister under Mulroney. After all, influential figures of that era, including Marjory LeBreton, Hugh Segal, and Derek Burney-himself a former ambassador to the United States-played roles during the campaign. In fact, Burney is thought to have helped persuade Harper to appoint Wilson (in an interview, Burney praised the appointment of my old friend and colleague, but declined to discuss his role in the choice). Contributing to the appointment was the fact that the former finance minister had been co-chair of the Ontario campaign and had shared platforms with Harper, who joked that he had learned his charisma from Wilson.Whatever the politics, the appointment was widely praised in the press-The Economist called it shrewd-and by decision-makers. Every one of the 15 or so figures (including Liberals such as Roy MacLaren and Patrick Gossage) interviewed for this article had positive things to say about Wilson (a spokesperson for the embassy said that Wilson was declining interview requests).The Toronto native was variously described as highly experienced, a man of integrity and presence, dogged and determined, knowledgeable both about business and politics, exceptionally hard-working, and, most importantly, a person with direct access to the prime minister. Diplomats are paid to lie for their country, mused Hugh Segal, a former Mulroney chief of staff and now a senator. Michael is not a guy for whom lying, even in its lightest sense, is easily embraced.It's hard not to look at his resume and say, it's our lucky day, commented Pamela Wallin, consul-general in New York. Added Richard Remillard, his press secretary from 1984 to 1990, He's so formidable because behind that quiet, silent exterior, there is a real core of steel.While that core of steel will be essential in negotiating with the notoriously hard-nosed Americans, Allan Gotlieb, who was the ambassador from 1981 to 1989, points out that the real question is how tough an ambassador can be with his or her own government when it is wrong on an issue and needs to be told to back off.If you are popular in Ottawa, maybe you are not doing your job, he said. Fortunately, he continued, Michael Wilson is not worried about popularity, and he is not running for anything. …
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,005 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,616 | 0,422 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».