Treatment of Emulsified Oily Wastewater by Commercial Scale Electrocoagulation at Vancouver Shipyards
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract McKay Creek Technologies is a member of the Washington Marine Group, the largest shipbuilding, ship maintenance and repair, and marine transportation company in Canada. Inherent to this scale of operation, the Washington Marine Group generates considerable quantities of emulsified oily wastewater from cleaning vessels' bilges, fuel/slop tanks, as well as power washing of engines, machinery, cranes, trucks, and other mechanical parts. We needed to find a way to deal with our wastewater and through investigation determined that none of the existing commercially available ways to treat this wastewater were acceptable. We then developed our own process based on electrocoagulation. Now, after three years of operating EC at Vancouver Shipyards to treat the Washington Marine Group's wastewater, we have learned how to simply and effectively treat wastewater that is contaminated by free and emulsified oils, suspended solids, and heavy metals. Electrocoagulation uses an electrical current in an electrochemical cell to coagulate contaminants in wastewater. EC is well suited to treating wastewater with the following contaminants: emulsified oils, PAHs, poorly settling solids, poorly soluble organics, contaminants in general that add turbidity to water, as well as negatively charged metal species such as arsenic, molybdenum, and phosphate. Introduction Wastewater generated by the Washington Marine Group fleet and by Vancouver Shipyards operations is widely variable, both in terms of the contaminants of concern and their concentrations, and in the volumetric rates. Wastewater sources include: bilge water, tank wash water from gas freeing operations, ballast water, and wastewater from pressure washing equipment. Both salt and fresh water is contaminated with oils and greases, diesel, hydraulic oil, and a full range of marine fuel oils as well as suspended solids. While the large number of Shipyards wastewater generating activities leads to a corresponding large variability in wastewater volumes and quality, in general the contaminants of concern are as follows:Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons arising from fuels in the wastewater;Low molecular weight and high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, also from fuels;Both low molecular weight and high molecular extractable petroleum hydrocarbons from fuels, lubricants, and de-greasing of mechanical parts; andMetals (primarily iron and zinc) from corrosion of the steel barges and bilges and mechanical parts. Oil and Water Don't Mix - or Do They? Petroleum hydrocarbons are present in the wash water both as " free oil" (petroleum hydrocarbons that separate from the wastewater and float to the liquid surface) and as "emulsified oil" (petroleum hydrocarbons that remain in stable suspension and do not separate from the wastewater). Separation of Free Oil from Wastewater Many systems are commercially available to remove free oil. Typically configured as coalescing plates, rope skimmers and the like, these systems exploit the characteristic of oils to stick to solid surfaces, concentrate there, and later slough off, and thus separate from the bulk liquid. Vancouver Shipyards WWTP uses a"Vertical Gravity Separator" coalescing plate separator manufactured by Muddy River Environmental Ltd. in Delta, BC. For typical batches of Shipyards wastewater, the contaminant levels still remaining in the wastewater following free oil removal are generally far too high to allow discharge. Therefore further treatment is necessary.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,011 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».