Entreprises Religieuses Transnationales En Afrique De l'Ouest

Laurent Fourchard, Andre Mary, and Rene Otayek, eds. Entreprises religieuses transnationales en Afrique de l'Ouest. Hommes et Societes series. Paris: Editions Karthala; lbadan: IFRA, 2005. 537 pp. Footnotes. Tables. Bibliography. euro32. Paper. This edited volume gathers multidisciplinary scholars - political scientists, historians, historians of religions, sociologists, and anthropologists - from West Africa, Europe, and Canada to examine the growing importance of transnational religious movements within West Africa. Although five of the essays concentrate on Islamic movements and two on African religions, most focus on Pentecostal movements in the coastal region between Cameroon and Cote d'Ivoire. Although transnational movements have a long history in West Africa, newer Pentecostal churches have found political and linguistic borders to be significant obstacles to their expansion. As in most collections of this size, the essays vary in quality and there is some repetition of material. The essays on Islam acknowledge the role of itinerant scholars and their close association with the growth of Sufi orders in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, but they concentrate on religious developments since independence. Roman Loimeier examines the history of such transna- tional contacts in Northern Nigeria and how they changed in the colonial and postcolonial eras. Marie Miran focuses on the particular challenges of Muslim minorities in Cote d'Ivoire, Benin, and Ghana who were often de- pendent on outside scholars and officially recognized Islamic associations. Sophie Bava examines the networks of support that the Mouride Sufi broth- erhood created for Senegalese Wolof transients in Niamey, while Muriel Gomez-Perez provides an interesting glimpse into the way that Reformist Islamic movements in Senegal have challenged the colonial and postcolo- nial collaboration of many Muslim leaders with the authorities of colonial and national governments. Souley Hassane examines northern Nigeria's and Niger's Muslim communities, focusing on the leadership of Cheikh Abubakr Mohammed Gummi and Cheikh Youssouf Hassan Diallo, their critiques of the political economy of their respective states, and the role of cassettes and videos in the dissemination of their teachings. Lacking in this section is discussion of the extraordinary creation of Senegalese Mou- ride communities, complete with businesses and marabouts, in many North American, European, and African cities. Only two articles focus on the transnational dimensions of African religious traditions. Veronique Duchesne and Pauline Guedj provide a fascinating description of the relationship between a particular spirit cult in the southern Ghanian town of Akonedi and African diaspora communities in the United States. The authors skillfully link the history of the shrine complex in Larteh to political developments during the Nkrumah years in Ghana and the growth of pan-Africanist interests in religion in the American African diaspora. Emmanuelle Kadya Tall also describes the transnational dimensions in the vaudou tradition, focusing on an international festival, Ouidah 92, which celebrated vaudou as part of the national cultural legacy of Benin. She traces the lives of five priests of Tron cults involved in protection against witchcraft and the procurement of wealth - both important issues in the turbulent years since independence. …

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