<i>Veronica sibirica</i> Leaf Spots Caused by <i>Phacellium veronicae</i>, a New Disease in China
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Veronica sibirica (Veronicastrum sibiricum) is an erect perennial herb, an ornamental, and a traditional Chinese medicine plant distributed mostly in northeastern, northern, and northwestern China. It has dehumidifying and detoxifying properties, and is mainly used for the treatment of cold, sore throat, mumps, rheumatism, and insect bites (4). In June 2008 through 2012, leaf spots of V. sibirica were observed in the Medicinal Herb Garden of Jilin Agricultural University (43°48′N, 125°23′E) and the medicinal plantations of Antu County (43°6′N, 128°53′E), Jilin Province. Leaf spots were amphigenous, subcircular, angular-irregular, brown, and 1 to 10 mm in diameter; they occasionally merged into a larger spot with an indefinite margin or with a pale center and dark border. Pale conidiomata were hypophyllous and scattered on the spots. The conidiophores were 100 to 400 μm high and clustered together to form synnemata 20 to 50 μm in diameter, which splayed out apically and formed loose to dense capitula. Conidiophores occasionally emerged through the stomata individually and produced conidia on the surface of the infected leaves. The conidiogenous cell terminal was geniculate-sinuous with somewhat thickened and darkened conidial scars. Conidia were solitary or catenulate, ellipsoid-ovoid or subcylindric-fusiform, hyaline and spinulose, 4.01 to 7.18 × 11.16 to 20.62 μm with obtuse to somewhat attenuated ends, and slightly thickened, darkened hila. Six isolates were obtained from necrotic tissue of leaf spots and cultured on potato dextrose agar at 25°C. After incubation for 14 days, colony surfaces were white to pinkish. The colony diameter increased by 12 mm after 21 days' incubation. Hyphae were hyaline, septate, and branched. Conidiophores grew individually or fascicularly. The symptoms and morphological characteristics were consistent with previous descriptions (1,2), and the fungus was identified as Phacellium veronicae (Pass.) (U. Braun 1990). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear rDNA was amplified using primers ITS4/ITS5 (3). The ITS was identical among all six isolates (HE995799) and 98% identical to that of P. veronicae (JQ920427, HQ690097). Pathogenicity was confirmed by spraying five 1-year-old V. sibirica seedlings with a conidial suspension (10 6 conidia/ml) of each isolate and five seedlings with sterile water as a control treatment. Plants were grown in the greenhouse at 20 to 25°C and were covered with plastic bags to maintain humidity on the foliage for 72 h. After 15 days, the same symptoms appeared on the leaves as described earlier for the field-grown plants; the control plants remained healthy. The same fungus was reisolated from the leaf spots of inoculated plants. Currently, the economic importance of this disease is limited, but it may become a more significant problem, as the cultivated area of V. sibirica is increasing. To our knowledge, although P. veronicae was recorded on the other species of Veronica (V. austriaca, V. chamaedrys, V. grandis, V. longifolia, V. paniculata, and V. spicata ssp. incana) in Europe (Germany, Denmark, Ireland, Romania) and V. wormskjoldii in North America (Canada) (1), this is the first report of V. sibirica leaf spots caused by P. veronicae in the world, and it is a new disease in China. References: (1) U. Braun. A monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and allied genera (phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes) 2, IHW-Verlag, Germany, 1998. (2) U. Braun. Nova Hedwigia 50:499, 1990. (3) D. E. L. Cooke et al. Mycol. Res. 101:667, 1997. (4) Jiangsu New Medical College. Dictionary of Chinese Materia Medica. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers, China, 1977.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; les deux têtes enseignantes s’accordent sur ce qui est montré ici.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».