Horseshoe Canyon and Belly River coal measures, south central Alberta: Part 2 -- Modeling reservoir properties and producible gas
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Research Article| September 01, 2011 Horseshoe Canyon and Belly River coal measures, south central Alberta: Part 2 — Modeling reservoir properties and producible gas A.M.M. Bustin; A.M.M. Bustin The University of British Columbia, 6339 Stores Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, abustin@eos.ubc.ca Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar R.M. Bustin R.M. Bustin The University of British Columbia, 6339 Stores Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, bustin@mail.ubc.ca Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information A.M.M. Bustin The University of British Columbia, 6339 Stores Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, abustin@eos.ubc.ca R.M. Bustin The University of British Columbia, 6339 Stores Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, bustin@mail.ubc.ca Publisher: Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Received: 08 Apr 2011 Accepted: 12 Sep 2011 First Online: 13 Jul 2017 Online Issn: 2368-0261 Print Issn: 0007-4802 © the Society of Canadian Petroleum Geologists Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology (2011) 59 (3): 235–260. https://doi.org/10.2113/gscpgbull.59.3.235 Article history Received: 08 Apr 2011 Accepted: 12 Sep 2011 First Online: 13 Jul 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation A.M.M. Bustin, R.M. Bustin; Horseshoe Canyon and Belly River coal measures, south central Alberta: Part 2 — Modeling reservoir properties and producible gas. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 2011;; 59 (3): 235–260. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/gscpgbull.59.3.235 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyBulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology Search Advanced Search Abstract The gas reserves and well spacing units in the Horseshoe Canyon-Belly River Formation coal measures in Alberta are assigned based on gas-in-place determined by canister desorption tests of coal following ERCB (2010) guidelines. However, substantial gas, which is not measured by desorption tests, also occurs in the free state within the coals as well as adsorbed and in the free state within adjacent fine-grained strata (referred to here as shales) interbedded with the coals. A series of laboratory experiments (matrix flux, volumetric strain, rock mechanics) were conducted to quantify the reservoir properties of the coals and shales and were integrated with the results from field tests (well logs, pressure build-up) to be used as model inputs for a reservoir simulator. The purpose of the modeling was to address two main questions: 1) do variations in the amount of free gas within the matrix porosity of the coal seams affect production; and 2) to what extent is the gas stored within the strata interbedded with the coal seams co-produced?The free gas stored within a coal seam with an effective matrix porosity of 8% is shown to comprise on the order of 25% of the total original gas-in-place. The modeling results show that in high permeability coals (150 mD), an increase in production equivalent to the additional gas-in-place resulting from the free gas occurs after 25 years. Even very low permeability reservoirs (0.3 mD) are modeled to experience an approximately 2% increase in cumulative gas after 50 years of production.Including the gas bearing shales adjacent to the coal seams results in a substantial increase in producible gas. An increase of 144% in the cumulative gas produced after 50 years is observed when shales with a fracture permeability of 0.01 mD, matrix permeability of 1×10−4 mD, and an effective fracture spacing of 10 m are modeled with coal seams with a fracture permeability of 15 mD. The coal seams, being more permeable than the shales, act as horizontal drains for the over and underlying shale layers. The enhanced production is strongly dependent on the fracture and matrix permeability as well as the fracture spacing of the shales. The spacing of 4 wells/section, assumed in the above model, results in an estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) of 23% of the total original gas-in-place in the coals and 9% in the shales after 50 years of production. Downsizing to 8 wells/section increases the EUR to 35% for the coals and 15% for the shales and to 16 wells/section to 50% for the coals and 22% for the shales. The resulting increase in cumulative production with the decrease to 8 wells/section spacing is 57% and an additional 42% when further decreased to 16 wells/section. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,006 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».