FORTY-NINTH SUPPLEMENT TO THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION<i>CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS</i>

This is the eighth Supplement since publication of the 7th edition of the Check-list of North American Birds (American Ornithologists' Union [AOU] 1998). It summarizes decisions made by the AOU's Committee on Classification and Nomenclature–North and Middle America between 1 January and 31 December 2007. The Committee has continued to operate in the manner outlined in the 42nd Supplement (AOU 2000). Kevin Winker became a member of the Committee in 2007. Changes in this Supplement fall into the following categories: (1) one genus (Creagrus) and three species (Creagrus furcatus, Phylloscopus proregulus, and Turdus philomelos) are added to the main list (including one transferred from the Appendix) because of new distributional information; (2) one species is removed from the list (Buteogallus subtilis) by being merged with another on the list; (3) two species are changed by being split from extralimital species (Anas zonorhyncha and Nonnula frontalis); (4) six genera are added (Helicolestes, Chroicocephalus, Hydrocoloeus, Leucophaeus, Epinecrophylla, and Magumma) and one is replaced (Pyrilia) because of generic splits; (5) two genera (Lysurus and Buarremon) are lost by merger (with Arremon); (6) 18 scientific names are changed by transfer from one genus to another (Helicolestes hamatus, Chroicocephalus philadelphia, C. cirrocephalus, C. ridibundus, Hydrocoloeus minutus, Leucophaeus modestus, L. atricilla, L. pipixcan, Pyrilia pyrilia, P. haematotis, Colaptes rubiginosus, C. auricularis, Epinecrophylla fulviventris, Arremon crassirostris, A. brunneinucha, A. virenticeps, A. torquatus, and Magumma parva); (7) 13 English names are changed (Phoenicopterus ruber becomes American Flamingo, two species of Colibri become Violetear rather than Violet-ear, Goethalsia bella becomes Pirre [rather than Rufous-cheeked] Hummingbird, Cnipodectes subbrunneus becomes Brownish Twistwing rather than Brownish Flycatcher, six species of Turdus become Thrush rather than Robin, Chlorothraupis carmioli becomes Carmiol's [rather than Olive] Tanager, and Troupial becomes Venezuelan Troupial); (8) distribution statements of four species are changed by splits of extralimital taxa (Pelecanus occidentalis, Phoenicopterus ruber, Conopias albovittatus, and Icterus icterus); and (9) one generic name in the Appendix is changed (Columba goodsoni becomes Patagioenas goodsoni). Additionally, a new classification and sequence of genera and species is adopted for gulls of the subfamily Larinae. A new sequence is adopted for the species of tinamous (Tinamidae) and for species in the genus Tangara. The flamingos (Phoenicopteridae) are moved to a position immediately following the grebes (Podicipedidae). In higher-level classification, a suborder (Eurylaimi) and family (Eurylaimidae) are added to our list for the species Sapayoa aenigma, previously incertae sedis. The family Furnariidae is divided into three subfamilies. The family Formicariidae is limited to antthrushes of the genera Formicarius and (extralimital) Chamaeza; the genus Pittasoma is transferred to the family Conopophagidae (adding a family to the Check-list area), and the genera Grallaria, Hylopezus, and Grallaricula are placed in a newly recognized family, Grallariidae. Several of the changes in this Supplement were made so that the North and Middle American and South American (Remsen et al. 2008) lists will conform. The species changed belong to groups that are primarily South American. Literature that provides the basis for the Committee's decisions is cited at the end of the Supplement, and citations not already in the Literature Cited of the 7th edition (with Supplements) become additions to it. An updated list of the bird species known from the AOU Check-list area can be found at www.AOU.org/checklist/index.php3. The following changes to the 7th edition (page numbers refer thereto) and its Supplements result from the Committee's actions: pp. xvii–liv. Change the number in the title of the list of species to 2,048. Insert the following names in the proper position as indicated by the text of this Supplement: Anas zonorhyncha Eastern Spot-billed Duck. (A) Helicolestes hamatus Slender-billed Kite. Creagrus furcatus Swallow-tailed Gull. (A) Pyrilia haematotis Brown-hooded Parrot. Pyrilia pyrilia Saffron-headed Parrot. Nonnula frontalis Gray-cheeked Nunlet. Colaptes rubiginosus Golden-olive Woodpecker. Colaptes auricularis Gray-crowned Woodpecker. EURYLAIMIDAE Sclerurinae Furnariinae Dendrocolaptinae CONOPOPHAGIDAE GRALLARIIDAE Epinecrophylla fulviventris Checker-throated Antwren. Phylloscopus proregulus Pallas's Leaf-Warbler. (A) Turdus philomelos Song Thrush. (A) Magumma parva Anianiau. Delete the following names: Anas poecilorhyncha Spot-billed Duck. (A) Rostrhamus hamatus Slender-billed Kite. Buteogallus subtilis Mangrove Black-Hawk. Pionopsitta pyrilia Saffron-headed Parrot. Pionopsitta haematotis Brown-hooded Parrot. Nonnula ruficapilla Gray-cheeked Nunlet. Piculus rubiginosus Golden-olive Woodpecker. Piculus auricularis Gray-crowned Woodpecker. Myrmotherula fulviventris Checker-throated Antwren. Hemignathus parvus Anianiau. Change the generic names and position: Lysurus crassirostris to Arremon crassirostris Buarremon brunneinucha to Arremon brunneinucha Buarremon virenticeps to Arremon virenticeps Buarremon torquatus to Arremon torquatus Change the English names of the following species: Phoenicopterus ruber to American Flamingo. Colibri delphinae to Brown Violetear. Colibri thalassinus to Green Violetear. Goethalsia bella to Pirre Hummingbird. Cnipodectes subbrunneus to Brownish Twistwing. Turdus nigrescens to Sooty Thrush. Turdus infuscatus to Black Thrush. Turdus plebejus to Mountain Thrush. Turdus grayi to Clay-colored Thrush. Turdus nudigenis to Bare-eyed Thrush. Turdus assimilis to White-throated Thrush. Chlorothraupis carmioli to Carmiol's Tanager. Icterus icterus to Venezuelan Troupial. Reverse the sequence of: Nothocercus bonapartei Highland Tinamou. Tinamus major Great Tinamou. Move PHOENICOPTERIFORMES and Phoenicopterus ruber to follow PODICIPEDIFORMES. Replace the listing of the Larinae with the following: Creagrus furcatus Swallow-tailed Gull. (A) Rissa tridactyla Black-legged Kittiwake. Rissa brevirostris Red-legged Kittiwake. Pagophila eburnea Ivory Gull. Xema sabini Sabine's Gull. Chroicocephalus philadelphia Bonaparte's Gull. Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus Gray-hooded Gull. (A) Chroicocephalus ridibundus Black-headed Gull. Hydrocoloeus minutus Little Gull. Rhodostethia rosea Ross's Gull. Leucophaeus modestus Gray Gull. (A) Leucophaeus atricilla Laughing Gull. Leucophaeus pipixcan Franklin's Gull. Larus belcheri Belcher's Gull. (A) Larus crassirostris Black-tailed Gull. (A) Larus heermanni Heermann's Gull. Larus canus Mew Gull. Larus delawarensis Ring-billed Gull. Larus occidentalis Western Gull. Larus livens Yellow-footed Gull. Larus californicus California Gull. Larus argentatus Herring Gull. Larus michahellis Yellow-legged Gull. (A) Larus thayeri Thayer's Gull. Larus glaucoides Iceland Gull. Larus fuscus Lesser Black-backed Gull. (N) Larus schistisagus Slaty-backed Gull. Larus glaucescens Glaucous-winged Gull. Larus hyperboreus Glaucous Gull. Larus marinus Great Black-backed Gull. Larus dominicanus Kelp Gull. Reverse the sequence of: Pyrilia pyrilia Saffron-headed Parrot. Pyrilia haematotis Brown-hooded Parrot. Move Sapayoa aenigma to follow EURYLAIMIDAE. Move the three species of Sclerurus to follow the newly inserted Sclerurinae. Rearrange the species in Tangara to the following sequence: Tangara palmeri Tangara cabanisi Tangara cucullata Tangara larvata Tangara guttata Tangara fucosa Tangara dowii Tangara inornata Tangara lavinia Tangara gyrola Tangara florida Tangara icterocephala p. 1. After the family Tinamidae insert the following: Notes.—The sequence of genera and species in this family is based on the phylogeny indicated by the data of (Bertelli et al. 2002) and (Bertelli and Porzecanski 2004). Reverse the sequence of the tinamou genera (and included species) Tinamus and Nothocercus. p. 9. Insert the Order Phoenicopteriformes and its included account, as modified below, after the account for Aechmophorus clarkii, transferring it from p. 54. Under the heading for the order, insert: Notes.—To recognize the close relationship to the order Podicipediformes shown by several genetic studies (Van Tuinen et al. 2001, Chubb 2004, Cracraft et al. 2004, Ericson et al. 2006), the Phoenicopteriformes are placed next to the Podicipediformes in the linear sequence of orders. They were formerly considered more closely related to the Ciconiiformes. p. 17. Procellaria parkinsoni is added to the list of species known from the United States because of an accepted record off California. Add the following paragraph to the section on Distribution: Accidental off central California (one photographed about 18 miles [29 km] off Pt. Reyes, Marin County, 1 October 2005; Stallcup and Preston 2006). p. 31. Pelecanus thagus is recognized as distinct from P. occidentalis. No reasons were given for the merger by (Peters 1931) or subsequent authors who continued to treat them as conspecific. In the account for P. occidentalis, delete information on the thagus group and the words "[occidentalis group]." Change Notes to read: Formerly included P. thagus Molina, 1782 [Peruvian Pelican], now considered distinct (e.g., Sibley and Monroe 1990, Ridgely and Greenfield 2001) on the basis of much larger size, differences in color of plumage and soft parts (Wetmore 1945), and absence of interbreeding. p. 40. Ardea cinerea is added to lists of bird species known to occur in Canada and in the United States because of records in Newfoundland and the Pribilof Islands. Add the following paragraph to the section on Distribution: Accidental in Canada (Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland, 11 October 1996; Renner and Linegar 2007) and Alaska (St. Paul Island, Pribilofs, 1 August 1999 and 1–2 October 2007; Gibson et al., in press); a sight record for Bermuda (7 October 2005; Dobson 2005). p. 54. Greater Flamingo of the Phoenicopterus is recognized as a species distinct from American P. No cited for merger (AOU Change the name of Phoenicopterus ruber to American Flamingo. In the section of the account for P. ruber, delete the and information for the Change the Notes to read: Formerly included P. on the basis of differences in color of plumage and and in and p. 54. recognize the close relationship to the order Podicipediformes shown by several genetic studies (Van Tuinen et al. 2001, Chubb 2004, Cracraft et al. 2004, Ericson et al. 2006), the order Phoenicopteriformes is moved in the sequence to follow the grebes and be moved from p. to p. following the account of Aechmophorus p. Anas zonorhyncha is as a species from Anas Replace the account of the with the following: Anas zonorhyncha Eastern Spot-billed Duck. Anas zonorhyncha and from and the the of and in in Alaska in the Gibson and 2007) and on and considered with A. poecilorhyncha Spot-billed by on the basis of at in pp. The genus now in the of is for the species hamatus, because of the for the genera is now to be the result of the for Helicolestes from Rostrhamus and insert it at the of p. the and merged with the genus following now as a genus because of of of Change Rostrhamus hamatus to Helicolestes hamatus the end of that species account, in the genus pp. Buteogallus subtilis is as a of Add Mangrove to the section of the the section of as modified in the Supplement et al. 2007) by after the words and and by and the distribution now subtilis to the end of the Change the Notes to read: known as Black and subtilis and An of 2007) has shown that subtilis is as a of than as a after Delete the account for Buteogallus p. et et al. a of the subfamily Larinae on the basis of studies of found that the genus Larus classification included the of the genus Larus into four genera and the of Rhodostethia into that classification in with the of Rhodostethia into The phylogeny of et al. that the subfamily are by a new linear of genera and accepted this new linear sequence in the of the group in for the of species in this group is and to the sequence of species in are Under the heading insert Notes.—The and sequence of genera that of et al. 2005). the citations for Hydrocoloeus and Chroicocephalus from the of will be for newly recognized Rearrange the genera and the for the species in Larinae the 7th edition and Supplements) as with new generic and inserted as The species previously in the Appendix and is newly placed on the main Creagrus p. by Larus furcatus Creagrus furcatus Swallow-tailed Gull. Larus furcatus on on and at in the and Island, the of South America to central to central off the of and records with North American Birds 2006). at Peninsula, American Birds Accidental in California and and of the and Rissa tridactyla Black-legged Rissa brevirostris Red-legged Pagophila eburnea Ivory Xema sabini Sabine's Insert the for this name now in the of included in Larus on the basis of genetic data et al. that that that genus be the following species were Chroicocephalus philadelphia Bonaparte's Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus Gray-hooded Chroicocephalus ridibundus Black-headed Insert the for this name now in the of included in Larus on the basis of genetic data et al. that that that genus be the following species were Hydrocoloeus minutus Little with Hydrocoloeus by et al. 2005). Rhodostethia rosea Ross's Leucophaeus p. by Larus included in Larus on the basis of genetic data et al. that that that genus be the following species were Leucophaeus modestus Gray Leucophaeus atricilla Laughing Leucophaeus pipixcan Franklin's Larus belcheri Belcher's Larus crassirostris Black-tailed Larus heermanni Heermann's Larus canus Mew Larus delawarensis Ring-billed Larus occidentalis Western Larus livens Yellow-footed Larus californicus California Larus argentatus Herring Insert at of the North American L. as a species by et al. and the L. as a distinct species by et al. Larus michahellis Yellow-legged Larus thayeri Thayer's Larus glaucoides Iceland Larus fuscus Lesser Black-backed Larus schistisagus Slaty-backed Larus glaucescens Glaucous-winged Larus hyperboreus Glaucous Larus marinus Great Black-backed Larus dominicanus Kelp p. Creagrus furcatus is moved from the Appendix to the main A of a bird in in by the California Committee on the basis of of the bird in of that and it is now accepted by the and the American Committee and et al. It Xema sabini in the 7th its proper position is indicated in the listing pp. the basis of sequence et al. removed several species of South and Middle American from the genus Pionopsitta and placed them in the genus species species P. pyrilia is the species of the genus Pyrilia citations for generic names (e.g., that from the Pyrilia in in a and be the two species are placed in the Replace the heading for the genus Pionopsitta Pyrilia by and pyrilia genus by merged with the South American genus Pionopsitta on the basis of sequence data by et al. who removed several species of South and Middle American from Pionopsitta and placed them in the genus Pyrilia has Replace the name Pionopsitta pyrilia with Pyrilia pyrilia Replace the name Pionopsitta haematotis and with Pyrilia haematotis and Reverse the sequence of species so that pyrilia p. the in the English name of Colibri it to Brown Violetear in et al. p. the in the English name of Colibri it to Green Violetear in et al. In the Mountain to Mountain Violetear. p. Change the English name of Goethalsia bella to Pirre in Ridgely and et al. Change p. Nonnula frontalis is from the No for merger and (e.g., Sibley and Monroe 1990, and et al. 2008) treat them as The English name is for the in our Change the species name and of ruficapilla Nonnula frontalis Gray-cheeked Nunlet. frontalis (2) of Change the by the and of the ruficapilla Change the Notes Formerly as with ruficapilla of South treat the two as distinct species and Brown and et al. and a close relationship has that ruficapilla and frontalis as distinct species is the p. The species now as Piculus rubiginosus and P. auricularis are transferred to the genus Move the of two species to that of Colaptes the heading of the genus the names: Colaptes rubiginosus Golden-olive Woodpecker. Colaptes auricularis and Gray-crowned Woodpecker. In the Notes of the generic name or to Colaptes or and the Formerly placed in the genus studies of and genetic et al. et al. that are of the of the genus after the for insert: p. by subsequent C. rubiginosus rubiginosus p. The species Sapayoa aenigma has shown by sequence data to be more closely related to than to group et al. and to be in the family et al. et al. 2006). After the heading for the Order insert and Move the heading for the genus Sapayoa and the account for Sapayoa aenigma from p. to follow this newly added p. et genetic data et al. et al. that the family Furnariidae (including the merged into Furnariidae in an Supplement et al. be divided into three (1) the genus Sclerurus and the South American genus (2) the genera in the and (3) the genera in the family The sequence of the genera in the two not Change the heading to and Delete the Notes and insert a and Move the of the genus Sclerurus and the included species from to follow this new subfamily After the account of Sclerurus insert a the account for on p. insert a pp. et al. found that the genus Myrmotherula is not and a new Epinecrophylla, for the to the species fulviventris of our area and species to South Delete the Notes the genus the heading of the genus on p. insert the and and in et al., species Insert the account for Myrmotherula fulviventris, moved from p. with the Epinecrophylla fulviventris Checker-throated Antwren. Add the following: placed in the genus on the basis of genetic data and and et al. 2006). pp. genetic et al. that the family Formicariidae be limited to antthrushes of the genera Formicarius and (extralimital) The genus Pittasoma is closely related to the South American and with it in the family The genera Grallaria, Hylopezus, and Grallaricula are now placed in a newly recognized family Grallariidae. of the two new to our were by and the words from the heading of the family After the account of Formicarius and the genus insert: After the of the genus as of the family now moved to the Conopophagidae to with the genus and After the account of Pittasoma and the genus Grallaria, insert: of this family were previously included in the family Formicariidae are placed in family because genetic data et al. 2002) that in the Formicariidae it p. Change the English name of Cnipodectes subbrunneus to Brownish as in South American et al. Change the Notes to read: Formerly known as Brownish p. Conopias parvus is considered a species distinct from C. the and of the parvus group from the section on Change the Notes to read: considered with C. parvus of South because of differences and Greenfield 2001, 2004). placed in the genus p. A new record of in the species on the list of known to occur in the United from it removed by et al. Replace the paragraph of the section Accidental in Monroe County, 2007; North American Birds of in that the or from are considered et al. 2000). A sight for the central Delete two in p. Delete the from the and the in the Notes the heading p. The number in the of the genus be not p. Phylloscopus proregulus is added to the main list on the basis of a new distributional the account of P. that of P. to the list by et al. insert the following: Phylloscopus proregulus Pallas's Leaf-Warbler. in and with from to and in and in fall to and the United and to the and Accidental in Alaska Island, and follow and in this species as p. Song Thrush philomelos) is added to the main list because of new distributional the account for Turdus insert the following: Turdus philomelos Song Thrush. Turdus philomelos p. in a of from and to and to in the and with numbers to North and the to Iceland in Accidental in at in and Canada et al. 2007; pp. The English group names of several American species in the genus Turdus are changed from to to with the by and and Monroe and 2006), and (Remsen et al. changes are as Turdus nigrescens Sooty becomes Sooty Thrush Turdus infuscatus Black becomes Black Thrush Turdus plebejus Mountain becomes Mountain Thrush Turdus grayi Clay-colored becomes Clay-colored Thrush Turdus nudigenis Bare-eyed becomes Bare-eyed Thrush are for a name for this species because the English Turdus assimilis White-throated becomes White-throated Thrush p. Change the English name of Chlorothraupis carmioli to Carmiol's in et al. from to with C. pp. A phylogeny and has indicated that in the genus Tangara are by a new linear of the Rearrange the species in our list to the following sequence: Tangara palmeri Tangara cabanisi Tangara cucullata Tangara larvata Tangara guttata Tangara fucosa Tangara dowii Tangara inornata Tangara lavinia Tangara gyrola Tangara florida Tangara icterocephala Add the following after the for the genus Notes.—The sequence of species in this genus is based on the phylogeny indicated by the genetic data of and 2004). pp. The genera Lysurus and Buarremon are merged into the genus Arremon to found by of and et al. Delete the for the genera Lysurus and citations to follow the for the genus Move the account for Lysurus crassirostris to follow that of Arremon and the of the three species of Buarremon to follow that of crassirostris, with the new Arremon crassirostris Arremon brunneinucha Arremon virenticeps Arremon torquatus and In the Notes A. crassirostris, the generic name Lysurus to Arremon and the L. to Formerly in the genus Lysurus merged into Arremon to found by et al. In the Notes species formerly in Buarremon a new for A. insert: Formerly in the genus et al. 2007) found that genetic data that Buarremon as is with to Arremon and Change the generic from to A. p. the the names of the authors of and A. The on that are not the name with an or an of the generic p. The numbers in the for be not p. The species Icterus icterus is divided into three the two are extralimital to our Change the English name of Icterus icterus to Venezuelan Troupial. the the and the on the and Change Notes Formerly included two South American now as the species Icterus and on the basis of limited of between and and and differences the three and Ridgely and Greenfield 2001, the pp. The species as Hemignathus parvus is transferred to the genus Magumma on the basis of studies of and et al. 2001) and et al. 2005). After the account for Hemignathus and the genus insert: in and p. by parva Magumma name for included in Hemignathus on the basis of genetic and differences and et al. 2001, 2005). Insert the account of Hemignathus parvus with the Magumma parva Anianiau. The account the Notes Formerly included in the genus p. Delete the account for Creagrus furcatus, now moved to the main p. Change goodsoni to Patagioenas goodsoni p. et In the list of names for North American the following Insert the following names in the proper position as indicated by the text of this Supplement: Anas zonorhyncha Helicolestes hamatus Creagrus furcatus Pyrilia haematotis Pyrilia pyrilia Nonnula frontalis Colaptes rubiginosus Colaptes auricularis EURYLAIMIDAE CONOPOPHAGIDAE GRALLARIIDAE Epinecrophylla fulviventris Phylloscopus proregulus Turdus philomelos Magumma parva Delete the following names: Anas poecilorhyncha Rostrhamus hamatus Buteogallus subtilis Pionopsitta pyrilia Pionopsitta haematotis Nonnula ruficapilla Piculus rubiginosus Piculus auricularis Myrmotherula fulviventris Hemignathus parvus Change the names of the following species: Phoenicopterus ruber Pittasoma Reverse the sequence of Tinamus major and Nothocercus Change the generic names and position: Lysurus crassirostris to Arremon crassirostris Buarremon brunneinucha to Arremon brunneinucha Buarremon virenticeps to Arremon virenticeps Buarremon torquatus to Arremon torquatus Move and Phoenicopterus ruber to follow Replace the listing of the from Larus atricilla to Pagophila eburnea with the with in names: Creagrus furcatus Rissa tridactyla Rissa brevirostris Pagophila eburnea Xema sabini Chroicocephalus philadelphia Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus Chroicocephalus ridibundus Hydrocoloeus minutus Rhodostethia rosea Leucophaeus modestus Leucophaeus atricilla Leucophaeus pipixcan Larus belcheri Larus crassirostris Larus heermanni Larus canus Larus delawarensis Larus occidentalis Larus livens Larus californicus Larus argentatus Larus michahellis Larus thayeri Larus glaucoides Larus fuscus Larus schistisagus Larus glaucescens Larus hyperboreus Larus marinus Larus dominicanus Move Sapayoa aenigma to follow the newly inserted EURYLAIMIDAE. Move the three species of Sclerurus to the of the Rearrange the species in Tangara to the following sequence: Tangara palmeri Tangara cabanisi Tangara cucullata Tangara larvata Tangara guttata Tangara fucosa Tangara dowii Tangara inornata Tangara lavinia Tangara gyrola Tangara florida Tangara icterocephala Delete Creagrus furcatus from its listing in the Change goodsoni to Patagioenas considered not accepted by the Committee of of as a species et al. of the genus for the et al. the merger of Rhodostethia into Hydrocoloeus et al. the of Larus and L. from L. argentatus et al. et al. and the of Pionopsitta from P. haematotis et al. the transfer of to et al. 2006), in of changes in the of Icterus into two species et al. and the transfer of the species of to the genus et al. to the English names of and were a to the of English names not accepted for reasons outlined as the Committee's for in to scientific and is the for C. A. A. P. and for and

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