Pourquoi ce travail est dans la base
Une base qui oublie comment elle a trouvé un travail ne peut pas être vérifiée. Voici les voies qui ont admis celui-ci.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
A is a dialect with an army and Navy, attributed to Yiddish linguist Max WeinreichIn Belgium, Canada, Spain, Sri Lanka, and Turkey, has been il most important factor in ethnic conflict wrote Safran (2010, p. 58) concerning violent clashes in these multilingual countries; he could have added, inter alia, fierce Urdu-Bangla battles that followed India's independence in 1947. But in Language Wars I speak of no one fires bullets, cannon balls, or other material missiles at enemy-the combatants use as ammunition words about which they fight.1 On one side of barricades we find defenders of our language,2 adherents to linguistic purism and prescriptivism who tend to label linguistic changes as corruption or bastardization. Opposed to them stand champions of linguistic descriptivism; they concur with Horace: will change if it be will of custom, in power of whose judgment is law and standard of language (aka Norma Loquendi, in Liberman, 2004).In following, I shall bring a sample of missives launched by brave soldiers of each camp against their enemies. Instead of listing thoughtful, well established arguments in favor of one position or other, I have selected a few emotionally laden ones. By focusing on affective, rather than cognitive components of their sources' attitudes, I hope to enrich our understanding of combatants and to provide us with an insight into their motivation.First, prescriptivists.3In 1797, English journalist William Cobbett attacked Noah Webster for grammatical inaccuracy and called him illiterate booby, inflated self-sufficient pedant, very great hypocrite, and something of a traitor (Liberman, 2005).George Orwell (2006) felt that the English is in a bad way It becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but slovenliness of our makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts. He went on, illustrating his complaints with such metaphors as mental vices and the decay of language.Urbanczyk, a Polish communist linguist (in Janicki, 2006) wrote about ... linguistic skill and correctness without which it is difficult to think logically and creatively and impossible to convey thoughts to others.While previous description of corruptors of implies that they are illogical and incoherent, others have impugned their moral character, as well: ... because purification implies getting rid of stain and thus evil, purification movements imply at some level that impure elements belong to impure persons (Shapiro, 1989, p. 156).The Conservative MP Norman Tebbit found a similar slippery slope: If you allow standards to slip to stage where good English is no better than bad English, people turn up filthy at school all these tend to cause people to have no standards at all, and once you lose standards there's no imperative to stay out of crime (Nunberg, 2011).Acocella (2012) accused descriptivists of self-righteousness, while Bryson (1987, p. 177) sounded off on misuse of apostrophe: the mistake is inexcusable, and those who make it are linguistic Neanderthals.Vitriolic appears in descriptivist camp, as well. latter often refer to prescristivists as peevers, police, and grammar Nazis.Though John Ruskin wrote about architecture when he expressed following sentiment, his words equally apply to purists of other disciplines, including linguistics: The world is full of vulgar Purists, who bring discredit on all selection by silliness of their choice; and this more, because becoming a Purist is commonly indicative of some slight degree of weakness, readiness to be offended, or narrowness of understanding of ends of things (Ruskin, 1853).Liberman's (2008) appellation concerns some prescriptivists' lack of knowledge: . …
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle