A study of algal biofouling on pearl nets in Charles Arm, Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This study examined the development of biofouling on pearl nets used for culture of the sea-scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) in Charles Arm, Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland over a two year period, May 1998 until July 2000. The site showed salinities of approximately 30 ISU and surface seasonal temperature fluctuation between -1.5C and 20C. The greatest part of the fouling biomass consisted of macroalgae : Chlorophyta (10 species), Phaeophyta (24 species), Rhodophyta (19 species), together with Cyanobacteria (33 species) and two species of tube dwelling diatoms. All the species recorded were common members of the local benthic flora. Fouling biomass was measured on nets placed at two, and four metre depths. Rapid colonization occurred with growth initially faster at the shallow depth, but after the first year biomass stabilized at approximately I kg per net wet weight, with no significant differences between depths. The fouling community was analyzed using two multivariate techniques, Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DECORANA) and Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN). The first year's growth showed considerable floristic changes as the algal fouling developed, with samples from the latter part of the year showing considerable differences from the late spring and early summer. After one years growth few floristic changes were noted. There was no obvious difference in the algal communities between the two depths. -- Two algal grazers, the periwinkle, Littorina littorea and the green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis were investigated as potential biofouling control organisms. Two experiments were conducted, one in the summer months and one over winter. The pearl nets with the urchin treatment showed no significant decrease in fouling, while the periwinkle treatments significantly reduced fouling in the summer. DECORANA and TWINSPAN analysis showed no differences in algal community structure between the experiments and controls, showing that grazing was not species preferential. -- During the course of this study there was a large, and as yet still unexplained, die-off of the cultured scallops at the site, which confounded attempts to determine if the inclusion of algal grazers in the nets affected growth and survival of the scallops. These preliminary studies, however, showed no differences in the growth rate of the scallops with depth, or treatment with snails or urchins. Survival of the scallops was, however, significantly enhanced by the snail treatment in both experiments including enhanced survival in the summer experiment, when scallop loss was greatest.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».