L'ecoumene Forestier Canadien: Etat, Techniques et Communautes-L'appropriation Difficile Du Territoire

Abstracts R. BLAIS et G. CHIASSON : Canada's Forest Ecumene : State, Approaches and Communuties--The Diffuclt Appropriation of Territory. [>] This paper reflects on regional development through an historical analysis of forestry policy in Canada. Our analysis reviews three centuries of Canadian forestry policy, from the dawn of the 19th century when the State first showed any interest in forests to the twenty first century where traditional forestry management is changing rapidly. We propose that the evolution of the public discourse on forestry has allowed, over the centuries, for very distinctive relationships between regional and national communities and their forest. In the 19th century, Canadian provincial states had a very limited involvement in public forest management which basically amounted to imposing cutting fees on private logging operations. While being very dependent on public forestry, regions had very little control over it as the 19th century forest economy was largely disenfranchised from regional territories and the main actors the State and the industrial barons had tenuous links to the regions. The end of the 19th century saw the virtual collapse of the old timber trade (mostly white pine) and the rise of the pulp and paper economy at the dawn of the 20th century. This led to very significant transformations in public forest use and management. States became much more active relying on a blossoming scientific expertise in order to impose a much stricter control over private use of public forest. However, public forests remained during most of the 20th century beyond the control of regional actors. Most pulp and paper operations were owned by large corporations while provincial forestry norms were decided by experts who had few links to particular regions and regardless of the specificities of regional forests. This evolution and the contemporary crisis of the industrial model that dominated earlier modes of forest governance prepared the ground for a dual transformation of forestry regimes in Canada: a much more active role for local interests and communities in forest management and the rise of new forms of legitimate, but potentially contradictory, uses of forest. While the importance that these changes will take in the future remain uncertain, they have, beyond a doubt, introduced 'regions' as actors of Canadian public forestry. Resumes R. BLAIS et G. CHIASSON : > Ce texte aborde la question forestiere sous l'angle des regions. Par un retour sur le discours entourant les politiques de mise en valeur des forets canadiennes, il degage certaines grandes tendances de fond qui caracterisent l'occupation et la gestion de l'espace forestier. II montre comment apres plus de deux cent d'histoire, les regions pourraient enfin exercer un certain controle sur leurs forets par l'entremise d'une gouvemance locale de la ressource. Nous degageons ainsi trois periodes distinctes marquees par des rapports differencies entre les communautes regionales et ou nationale et leurs forets : le >, le > et le >. Cette evolution aboutit dans la periode contemporaine a une certaine appropriation de la foret par les acteurs locaux et a une conception qui reconnait au patrimoine forestier une multiplicite d'usages legitimes, meme si parfois contradictoires entre eux. La recommandation recente de la Commission Coulombe (decembre 2004) de reduire la recolte de resineux dans les aires communes en foret publique vient reaffirmer une fois de plus que l'espace forestier quebecois est surexploite. Elle temoigne aussi d'un virage en matiere de gestion et de partage des pouvoirs. …

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