Oversight of Stem Cell Research in Canada: Protecting the Rights, Health, and Safety of Embryo Donors
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Introduction Stem cell research has come to the fore of scientific and public interest in the past decade, bearing the promise of providing treatments for many serious diseases and conditions. (1) Yet the pursuit of this research has raised significant issues of public policy and ethics in Canada and elsewhere. Recent policy discussion centers on developing ways of overseeing stem cell research that are consistent with the regulation of other forms of scientific research and yet take into account distinctive aspects of this research. (2) Ethical issues revolve around the derivation, study and research use of human pluripotent stem cells within the bounds of the ethical requirements of the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans (TCPS). (3) In 2002, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) developed guidelines to address the oversight and associated ethical issues raised by stem cell research, the Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Research Guidelines (the Guidelines). (4) It also established the Stem Cell Oversight Committee (SCOC) to ensure that all pluripotent stem cell research carried out at institutions receiving funding from the Tri-Council Agencies--and, on a voluntary basis, at other public or private granting agencies in Canada or within the private sector--is in accordance with the Guidelines. (5) The SCOC consists of a chair and a minimum of 11 additional members chosen by the CIHR Governing Council on advice from the Nominating Committee. (6) It is structured to be: a heterogeneous group of individuals with a range of backgrounds and disciplines relevant to the mandate of the Committee. Technical experts will provide the Committee access to the latest scientific and ethical information, and representatives from the general public will represent the views and values of Canadians potentially affected by the new technologies. (7) Members of the SCOC include professionals in stem cell biology and therapeutics; developmental biology or embryology; health care (in vitro fertilization [IVF] specialist); ethics; law; international stem cell research policy; and the social sciences. Persons from the voluntary health sector, IVF patients, and members of the general public who have a general interest in health research (8) and who are not advocates for any specific interest group are also included. (9) Members of the SCOC are not employees of CIHR and do not receive an honorarium or remuneration of any kind from CIHR. The SCOC was mandated to provide periodic updating and proposals for revision of the Guidelines to the CIHR Governing Council and has done so twice, once in 2005 (10) and again in 2006. (11) Important questions have recently been raised by several commentators about modifications made in the Guidelines before and after their publication. Others have questioned certain requirements of the Guidelines that they believe are too restrictive. In this article, those who were members of the SCOC from 2003 to 2006 trace certain clarifications of the Guidelines made during that period and discuss the rationale for them in light of these concerns. They also address criticisms made of the substance of the Guidelines. The thrust of this article is to exhibit that the paramount consideration underlying the development of the Guidelines has been the need to protect the rights, health, and safety of those who donate embryos for human pluripotent stem cell research. I. Major Provisions of the CIHR Guidelines for the Oversight of Stem Cell Research The Guidelines permit research to study human embryonic stem cell lines derived from human embryos created but no longer required for reproductive purposes, as well as preexisting human embryonic stem cell lines. (12) They mandate that persons for whom the embryos were created, and third parties who have donated gametes for the development of embryos, must have given free and informed consent for the research use of such spare embryos. …
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,042 | 0,048 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,003 | 0,004 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,015 | 0,013 |
| Communication savante | 0,012 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,006 | 0,005 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,007 | 0,005 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,012 | 0,002 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».