First Report of <i>Pestalotiopsis theae</i> on Loquat (<i>Eriobotrya japonica</i>) in Anhui Province of China
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Loquat, Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl., is an important fruit that is widely planted and used as an ornamental in Jingxian, Anhui Province, China. Loquat branches with severely spotted leaves and fruits were observed in this region in 2012. Symptoms on leaves consisted of small (0.5 to 1.2 cm in diameter), circular to oblong, greenish-brown lesions that coalesced to form isolated or confluent, dark brown spots. On fruit, the disease appeared as circular to elongated, sunken spots. Expanding lesions spread over the surface resulting in death of the fruit. Acervuli were observed within lesions. Isolations from symptomatic tissue onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium consistently yielded white fungal colonies of sparse aerial mycelium with acervuli containing black, slimy spore masses on the surface. The colony reached 8.0 cm diameter after 7-day culture on PDA at 24°C. Conidia produced in the culture were five-celled, narrow fusiform, straight or slightly curved, with a tapering base and 2 to 4 hyaline appentages (apical appentages measured 15 to 34 μm long and a single basal appentage was 5 to 9 μm long). Conidia were 24 to 32 × 5 to 8 μm with median cells 15 to 20 μm and two hyaline, cylindrical to conical apical cells typical of Pestalotiopsis spp. (3). A total of 12 isolates were obtained by isolation from the diseased fruit or leaves. Genomic DNA from the fungal isolates was purified using a DNA Gel Extraction Kit (AxyPrep, Hangzhou, China), and applied to a DNA Engine System PTC-200 (BIO-RAD, Watertown, MA) with ITS1 and ITS4 internal transcribed spacer (ITS) universal primers. The amplified sequences (533 bp) were analyzed together with other Pestalotiopsis sequences (1). ITS from all 12 of the fungal isolates were identical (99.5% similarity) to each other and to isolates of Pestalotiopsis theae, which infects tea trees in China (2). To demonstrate pathogenicity, suspensions (prepared in distilled water) of 10 6 conidia ml –1 of each isolate were sprayed on the loquat leaves in vivo and mature fruits in vitro. Distilled water was used as the control. More than 20 leaves and 10 mature fruits were sprayed for the treated and control plants, respectively, and the inoculation tests were repeated twice. The inoculated plants and fruit were kept in a humidity chamber for 7 days. Approximately 50% of the inoculated leaves and fruits developed blight symptoms similar to natural infections. P. theae was reisolated from diseased plants to complete Koch's postulates. Control plants sprayed with distilled water remained symptomless. There is a previous study reporting that P. guepini infected loquat in Argentina (4); however, to our knowledge, this is the first report of P. theae causing leaf and fruit spots on loquat in China. References: (1) R. Jeewon et al. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 25:378, 2002. (2) J. Y. Lu. Diagnosis of plant diseases. Page 194 in: Pestalotiopsis. J. Y. Lu, Z. G. Xu, Y. X. Chen, D. R. Shen, X. B. Zheng, and Y. Q. Cao, eds. China Agriculture Press, Beijing, 1995. (3) T. R. Nag Raj. Coelomycetous Anamorphs with Appendage-Bearing Conidia. Mycologue Publications, Waterloo, Canada, 1993. (4) A. E. Perelló and S. Larran. Plant Dis. 83:695, 1999.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».