Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Modelling the energy exchange between the snowpack and the atmosphere is critical for many hydrological applications.Of the terms present in the snow energy balance, the turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat are the most challenging to estimate, particularly within mountain environments where the hydrological importance is great.Many of the flux estimation techniques, such as the bulk transfer method, are poorly adapted for use in complex terrain.In order to characterize the turbulence and to assess the suitability of flux estimation techniques, eddy covariance flux measurements and supporting meteorological data were collected from two mountain valley forest openings in Kananaskis Country, AB.These sites were generally calm, however wind gusts were frequently observed which markedly affected the turbulence characteristics and increased the rates of momentum and heat transfer.In order to successfully apply the bulk transfer technique at these sites, it was necessary to use environment-specific transfer coefficients to account for the effect of the surrounding complex terrain.These observations were compared with data collected on a treeless alpine ridge near Whitehorse, YT, where it was found that many of the turbulence characteristics were similar to flat sites.However, the boundary layer formed over the alpine ridge was very thin and the site was poorly suited for estimating surface fluxes.The mountain results were further contrasted with data collected over a homogeneous and flat prairie site located near Saskatoon, SK.This site included measurement of all of the snow energy terms, permitting an estimate of the energy balance closure obtainable over snow surfaces.The observed energy balance residual was very large, indicating that the eddy covariance technique was unable to capture all of the turbulent energy.It was concluded that an unmeasured transfer of sensible heat was occurring which was strongly correlated with the long-wave radiation balance.Mechanisms for this relationship were hypothesized.Two snow energy balance models were used to investigate the energy imbalance, where it was observed that the flux terms could be suitably simulated if effective parameters were used to augment the sensible heat transfer rate.The results from this thesis contribute to the understanding of heat transfer processes over snow surfaces during mid-winter conditions and improve the ability to model turbulent heat and mass fluxes from snow surfaces in complex environments.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».