Prospects for Improving Cognition Throughout the Life Course
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Life expectancy is at an all-time high and is likely to continue to improve rapidly in the future (Wang & Preston, 2009); this, coupled with a modest birth rate, means that the proportion of older adults will continue to grow in the United States, with the strongest growth occurring in the number of ‘‘oldest old’’—those over the age of 85. Absent dramatically higher levels of immigration and higher rates of productivity growth, it is likely that all of us will either be consuming far less before and after retirement or working much longer than we might have expected. The current economic crisis has resulted in huge losses in financial assets including 401(k) retirement accounts; older workers close to retirement may choose to work much longer than they expected, while some of those already retired may try to return to the labor force. In this context, it has become imperative for us to preserve or enhance cognitive functioning among older adults and to compress the duration of any cognitive decline. But what can be done to prevent and remediate agerelated declines in cognition? Given the central role that cognition plays in determining an individual’s independence and well-being, this becomes a very serious question for research. Hertzog, Kramer, Wilson, and Lindenberger (2008, this issue) present what we believe is the most comprehensive review to date of the science of cognitive improvement in aging and present a clear picture of the barriers to progress in this area. Although they take a clear stand on the question of whether it is possible to remediate age-related cognitive decline (for the impatient, their answer is: Yes we can!), those holding opposing points of view will also find much value in this monograph. The National Institute on Aging (NIA) considers this topic to be one of paramount importance. In 2007, the NIA and the McKnight Brain Research Foundation cosponsored a Cognitive Aging Summit that prominently featured animated discussion of cognitive enhancement in aging (see http://www.health.ufl.edu/ brain/summit/index.htm for meeting materials). NIA’s research focus on enhancement spans many levels, from genes to cells to neural circuits to systems and on up through social engagement and societies. Hertzog and colleagues cover many of these levels in some detail, so we will only point out some selected areas that received less attention here and that could have important implications for the public interest and future research.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle