Policy and partnership for health promotion--addressing the determinants of health.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants. This is done by strengthening individual skills and capabilities and the capacity of groups to change the many conditions, particularly the social and economic causes, that affect health (1-3). The value of health promotion has recently been reaffirmed (4, 5). It is a core function of public health and a cornerstone of primary health care. It is both effective and cost effective (6-8), and the links between health, health promotion and human and economic development are increasingly recognized (5-9). In 1986, health promotion came into full force through the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. The Ottawa Charter, adopted at the first WHO Global Conference on Health Promotion and reinforced by further conferences held in Adelaide, Sundsvall, Jakarta and Mexico City, sets out a clear agenda to pursue health for all by addressing the broad determinants of health such as shelter, education, food and income. Through joint efforts with others, including the International Union for Health Promotion and Education, academic institutes and many professional associations and ministries, health promotion has successfully shifted the focus from behavioural change at the individual level (with a disease orientation) to health-oriented behaviour and other determinants such as a healthy diet, physical activity, personal hygiene, education for women and social connectedness, through the use of combinations of the five Ottawa Charter Action Areas. They apply across different age and population groups in different settings such as schools, workplaces and communities. The Action Areas are designed to build healthy public policy, create supportive environments, strengthen community action, develop personal skills and reorient health services. Along with the advancement of health-supporting policies and environments, there have been positive behavioural and lifestyle changes at the population level which lead to the reduction of, for example, heart diseases, road injuries, HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases (10, 11). The changes are largely confined, however, to people of a higher level of education and socioeconomic background and are much less evident among the lower socioeconomic groups. Renewed effort is required to narrow the equity gap. The context of health promotion has changed markedly since the Ottawa Charter was adopted. New patterns of consumption and communication, urbanization and environmental changes as well as public health emergencies are critical factors that influence health. Rapid and often adverse social, economic and demographic changes also affect working conditions, learning environments, family patterns and the cultural and social fabric of communities. …
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,009 | 0,012 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,006 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,008 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,008 | 0,009 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,158 | 0,076 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».