Development of Pharmacy Services in a Family Medicine Residency Program
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
INTRODUCTION Reports of pharmacists working in family medicine settings appeared in the literature as early as 19741 and have continued to the present day.2-28 The role of the pharmacist in this setting has evolved over the past 30 years. In the 1970s most sites had dispensaries, and pharmacists were involved in traditional dispensing functions.1-3,6,7 Pharmacists were also involved in patient care activities (e.g., counselling and taking medication histories), liaising with pharmaceutical company representatives, and providing drug information and education to physicians.1-10 The 1980s saw the expansion of patient care services (i.e., consultations, monitoring, home visits, and liaising with community pharmacists) and the enhancement of services to health care professionals (i.e., education for physicians, residents, and nurses; formulary product selection; and newsletters).11,12,14,15,17-19,21,22 This growth continued into the 1990s, with pharmacists becoming more involved in committee and administrative work as well as research and scholarly activities.23-27,29-33 These changes were especially evident in sites that served as training facilities for family physicians.23,25,27,28,30-33 The first study of pharmacists’ contributions in this setting was reported in 1975. It showed that pharmacists’ consultations with patients regarding their medications and health care needs improved consumers’ attitudes toward pharmacy.3 In a 1979 study, a peer review panel concluded that drug therapy recommendations made by pharmacists and implemented by physicians were appropriate and had favourable effects on patient care.10 Studies published since then have shown that patient-specific consultations and both formal and informal drug-related education provided by the clinical pharmacist improve physicians’ prescribing practices.34,35 Other studies have reported that recommendations made by clinical pharmacists contribute positively to patient care by resolving drugrelated problems or improving the clinical status of the patient.30,36,37 Several studies have described patients’, physicians’, and family medicine residents’ positive perception of clinical pharmacy services.9,12,33,37,38 Other research has demonstrated the positive cost–benefit ratio of clinical pharmacy services in family practice.39-42 Most of the research appears to have been conducted at sites with residency training programs in family medicine.9,10,12,30,33-38 There is, however, a paucity of information on the role or impact of clinical pharmacists in family medicine settings in Canada. The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation and growth of pharmacy services in a family medicine residency training program in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,003 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle