Can Campylobacter coli induce Guillain-Barré syndrome?

Campylobacter jejuni enteritis is the most frequently identified infection preceding the Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and neural damage is thought to be induced through molecular mimicry between C. jejuni lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS) and human gangliosides [1].It has been questioned whether or not other Campylobacter species, including C. curvus, C. upsaliensis and C. coli, could be similarly involved [2][3][4].This is relevant because it would imply that bacterial factors considered important in the aetiology of GBS crossed species barriers.Two prior reports have appeared where C. coli was putatively associated with a case of GBS [2,3].We here present two female patients with GBS, one from the Netherlands (patient GB50) and one from France (patient 664H2004).From a faecal specimen obtained for both patients, a C. coli strain was isolated.On the basis of surface protein profiling, the strains were unequivocally demonstrated to belong to the species C. coli (results not shown).The strains were encoded GB50 and 664H2004, respectively, and stored at -80°C.For patient GB50, a serum sample obtained at the acute GBS phase was available.This sample was also stored at -80°C.Strains were grown on Mueller-Hinton agar at 37°C for 48 h, after which DNA was extracted, as described by Pitcher et al. [5].Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was performed, as described by Duim et al. [6].In brief, 1 µg of genomic DNA was digested with the HindIII-HhaI restriction enzyme combination and sitespecific adaptors were ligated to the restriction fragments.Primers complementary to the adaptor and restriction site sequence were used in pre-selective and selective polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications.The amplified and fluorescently labelled fragments were loaded on an ABI Prism 377 automated sequencer.GeneScan version 3.1 (Applied Biosystems) was used for data collection, and the AFLP profiles were imported, using the CrvConv filter, in BioNumerics 4.61 (Applied Maths, Belgium) for normalisation and further analysis.The obtained AFLP profiles were included in an in-house AFLP reference frame, containing

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