First Report of <i>Burkholderia andropogonis</i> Causing Leaf Spots of <i>Bougainvillea</i> sp. in Hong Kong and Clover in Canada
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Burkholderia andropogonis has a broad host range including 52 species of 15 families of unrelated monocot and dicot plants such as white clover, carnation, bougainvillea, and other ornamental plants (2). In October 2003, a severely diseased Bougainvillea sp. was found in Kowloon, Hong Kong. Diseased leaves had circular lesions with brown centers surrounded by dark, red-brown margins bordered by chlorotic halos. A bacterium consistently isolated from such lesions using peptone yeast extract agar plus glucose plates was compared with several B. andropogonis strains, including the type strain as well as a B. andropogonis-like strain previously isolated from white clover in Vancouver, BC, Canada in June 1995. Pathogenicity of the isolates was determined by infiltrating greenhouse-grown white clover and carnation leaves with bacterial suspensions of ≈10 6 CFU/ml. Inoculated leaves developed lesions typical of those caused by B. andropogonis. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by isolating bacteria from typical lesions on inoculated plants that were identical to inoculated strains in colony morphology and biochemical characteristics. Using transmission electron microscopy, the Canadian and Hong Kong isolates, as well as authentic strains of B. andropogonis, were shown to have a single, polar sheathed flagellum, a unique feature of this bacterium (4). The two new isolates were compared with authentic strains of B. andropogonis using the Biolog system (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA), whole cell protein profiles, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with species-specific primers. The two new isolates and authentic B. andropogonis cultures, including the type strain, were all identified as B. andropogonis using the Biolog system. The similarity in protein patterns of the new strains to those of authentic B. andropogonis strains supported their preliminary identification on the basis of morphology, pathogenicity, and the Biolog identification system. PCR amplification using primer pair Pf/Pr (Pf: 5′-AAGTCGAACGGTAACAGGGA-3′, and Pr: 5′-AAAGGATATTAGCCCTCGCC-3′), which specifically targets B. andropogonis 16S rDNA (1), produced the expected 410-bp amplicon with genomic DNA templates from the two isolates, further confirming their identity. No sequence variation was observed between the amplicon and data (X67037) from GenBank, which confirmed the earlier observation that strains of B. andropogonis were phylogenetically homogenous (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. andropogonis infection on Bougainvillea sp. in Hong Kong. The disease has been previously reported on this host only from Brisbane, Australia. This is also the first report of the isolation of B. andropogonis from clover in Canada, although the disease occurs on clover in other regions such as Australia and Hawaii. B. andropogonis has been previously reported in Canada only on greenhouse carnations (Dianthus sp.) (3). Usually, conditions of high humidity and high temperature are optimal for infection by B. andropogonis. On the basis of historical weather data, Hong Kong has tropical and subtropical coastal weather similar to Brisbane, Australia, while Vancouver, although mild, is cooler but has periods of high humidity. References: (1) R. D Bagsic et al. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 21:87. 1995. (2) E. J. Cother et al. Plant Pathol. 53:129, 2004. (3) D. W. Creelman. Can. Plant Dis. Surv. 44:146, 1964. (4) X. Li. Ph.D. diss. The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia. 1993.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».