Paleoliquefaction in Christchurch, New Zealand
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Résumé
Research Article| September 01, 2015 Paleoliquefaction in Christchurch, New Zealand Sarah H. Bastin; Sarah H. Bastin † Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8014, New Zealand †sarah.bastin@pg.canterbury.ac.nz Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Mark C. Quigley; Mark C. Quigley Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8014, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Kari Bassett Kari Bassett Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8014, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (2015) 127 (9-10): 1348–1365. https://doi.org/10.1130/B31174.1 Article history received: 26 Jul 2014 rev-recd: 12 Dec 2014 accepted: 25 Feb 2015 first online: 08 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Sarah H. Bastin, Mark C. Quigley, Kari Bassett; Paleoliquefaction in Christchurch, New Zealand. GSA Bulletin 2015;; 127 (9-10): 1348–1365. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/B31174.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract Liquefaction during the 2010 moment magnitude (Mw) 7.1 Darfield earthquake and large aftershocks (known as the Canterbury earthquake sequence) caused severe damage to land and infrastructure in Christchurch, New Zealand. Liquefaction occurred at Mw-weighted peak ground accelerations (PGA7.5) as low as 0.06g at highly susceptible sites. Trenching investigations conducted at two sites in eastern Christchurch enabled documentation of the geologic expressions of recurrent liquefaction and determination of whether evidence of pre–Canterbury earthquake sequence liquefaction is present. Excavation to water table depths (∼1–2 m below surface) across sand blow vents and fissures revealed multiple generations of Canterbury earthquake sequence liquefaction "feeder" dikes that crosscut Holocene-to-recent fluvial and anthropogenic stratigraphy. Canterbury earthquake sequence dikes crosscut and intrude oxidized and weathered dikes and sills at both sites that are interpreted as evidence of pre–Canterbury earthquake sequence liquefaction. Crosscutting relationships combined with 14C dating constrain the timing of the pre–Canterbury earthquake sequence liquefaction to post–A.D. 1660 to pre–ca. A.D. 1905 at one site, and post–A.D. 1415 to pre–ca. A.D. 1910 at another site. The PGA7.5 of five well-documented historical earthquakes that caused regional damage between 1869 and 1922 are approximated for the study sites using a New Zealand specific ground motion prediction equation. Only the June 1869 Mw ∼4.8 Christchurch earthquake produces a median modeled PGA7.5 that exceeds the PGA7.5 0.06g threshold for liquefaction. Prehistoric earthquakes sourced from regional faults, including the 1717 Alpine fault Mw ∼7.9 ± 0.3 and ca. 500–600 yr B.P. Mw ≥ 7.1 Porters Pass fault earthquakes, provide additional potential paleoseismic sources for pre–Canterbury earthquake sequence liquefaction. The recognition of pre–Canterbury earthquake sequence liquefaction in late Holocene sediments is consistent with hazard model-based predicted return times of PGAs exceeding the liquefaction triggering threshold in Christchurch. Residential development in eastern Christchurch from ca. 1860 to 2005 occurred in areas where geologic evidence for pre–Canterbury earthquake sequence liquefaction was present, highlighting the potential of paleoliquefaction studies to predict locations of future liquefaction and to contribute to seismic hazard assessments and land-use planning. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».