Self‐reported sun‐related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours among schoolchildren attending <scp>S</scp>outh <scp>A</scp>frican primary schools
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
BACKGROUND: Skin cancer and other adverse health effects result from excess solar ultraviolet radiation exposure. Sun protective practices are important interventions for skin cancer prevention, particularly when implemented early in life. Several international studies have assessed children's sun-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours in school settings but never before in Southern Africa, where multiethnic populations exist. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to describe the sun-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours as self-reported by South African primary schoolchildren and consider the roles of sex and skin type. METHODS: A randomly selected sample of 707 schoolchildren from 24 government, urban schools in all nine provinces of South Africa were surveyed regarding their sun-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. RESULTS: Approximately 56% of students reported experience of sunburn last summer and 59% stated that they had got a suntan. Many students (64.5%) believed that one could protect oneself from getting skin cancer by avoiding getting sunburnt. Other means reported to do so by the students were to use sunscreen (65.4%), stay out of the summer sun (48.0%), cover up with clothing (45.5%) and eat the right foods (38.0%). Only about a quarter of the students (22.4%) wrongly agreed that it is safe to get sunburnt once or twice a year. Few students (8.7%) agreed that they like to have a suntan because they feel healthier and agreed that they think a suntan makes them feel more attractive to others (17.3%). Few also agreed that most of their friends (16.1%) and family (14.2%) think that a suntan is a good thing. Children reporting to have white/light brown skin (69.4%) were more likely to agree that they used sunscreen to protect themselves from getting sunburnt compared with children having brown/dark brown/black skin (54.8%) (P = 0.0005). CONCLUSION: South African schoolchildren at urban government schools do have some knowledge about sun protection, and they do have some positive sun behaviours; however, the reported occurrence of sunburn, a risk factor for skin cancer, was relatively high. There were few differences in responses by sex and some differences by skin type. These findings are important for the development of appropriate sun protection programmes aimed at schoolchildren in South Africa and other countries with similar multi-ethnic populations.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
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Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».