Inverted Echo Sounder on a Cabled Observatory
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
High-frequency acoustic backscatter measurements have long been used as a method to detect zooplankton populations in the ocean. Ship-borne echo-sounders can map distributions over relatively large areas, but are not practical for following developments over long periods of time. Self-contained echo-sounders, either moored at depth looking upward, or mounted on surface buoys looking downward produce time series of acoustic backscatter which are a means for monitoring long-term behaviour of zooplankton populations. Combining these instruments with a cabled observatory allows this information to be acquired and monitored in near real-time, and thus to contribute to understanding and monitoring the state of one of the key components of coastal marine ecosystems. In this paper, we will discuss what we believe is the first operational example of an inverted echo sounder as part of a cabled seafloor observatory. The first component of the VENUS seafloor observatory, in Saanich Inlet, British Columbia, began operation in February, 2006. The instrument platform is located 3 km from the Institute of Ocean Sciences dock, at 96 m depth. A 200 kHz upward looking echo sounder (Acoustic Water Column Profiler <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> , also known as the ZAP, for Zooplankton Acoustic Profiler) is located on the platform. The instrument collects a profile of acoustic backscatter strength throughout the water column once per second and transmits the data over the cable to the VENUS shore station. Power and control communications are also supplied over the cable. The techniques for command and control of the instrument over the VENUS VPN are described, as are the means for real-time display of the data using TCP/IP protocols. Continuous data retrieval and image posting to the VENUS website are performed automatically using the observatory's DMAS (Data Management and Archiving System). Echograms of acoustic backscattering strength as a function of depth and time are available on the web at hourly intervals, and as daily summaries. These plots, and the data files from which they are constructed, may be used for the detection if zooplankton, fish, near-surface bubbles and internal waves. Their evolution and development can be monitored in real time, and the archived data now provide a year-long record at the Saanich Inlet site. At least two more of these instruments will be deployed at sites in Georgia Strait, when the next phase of the Venus observatory system is installed in October 2007. It is anticipated that the data from these locations will provide a valuable tool to further the understanding of the state of this coastal sea. A new generation of the AWCP is currently under development, which will provide greater A/D resolution and greater data storage for self-contained operation.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,009 | 0,003 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; les deux têtes enseignantes s’accordent sur ce qui est montré ici.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».