Non-thermal plasma system for marine diesel engine emissions control
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Air pollutants generated by ships in both gaseous and particulate forms, have a long term effect on the quality of the environment and cause a significant exposure risk to people living in proximities of harbors or in neighboring coastal areas. It was recently estimated, that ships produce at least 15% of the world's NOx (more than all of the world's cars, buses and trucks combined), between 2.5-4% of greenhouse gases, 5% black carbon (BC), and between 3-7% of global SO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> output. Estimation of contribution of maritime shipping to global emissions of VOC and CO is not yet available. In order to reduce the environmental footprint of ships, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) recently issued the legislation of Marpol Annex VI guidelines which implies especially the introduction of, inter alia, stricter sulphur limits for marine fuel in ECAs under the revised MARPOL Annex VI, to 3.50% (from the current 4.50%), effective from 1 January 2012; then progressively to 0.50 %, effective from 1 January 2020, subject to a feasibility review to be completed no later than 2018. The limits applicable in Emission Control Zones (ECAs) for SOx and particulate matter were reduced to 1.00%, beginning on 1 July 2010 (from the original 1.50%); being further reduced to 0.10 %, effective from 1 January 2015. The Tier III controls apply only to the specified ships built from 2016 while operating in Emission Control Areas (ECA) established to limit NOx emissions, outside such areas the Tier II controls apply. The United States and Canada adopted national regulations enforcing IMO Tier III equivalent limits within the North American ECA effective 2016. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rule for Category III ships, however, references the international IMO standards. If the IMO emission standards are indeed delayed, the Tier III standards would be applicable from 2016 only for US flagged vessels. One of the proposed solutions towards marine diesel emission control is the non-thermal plasma process. We designed and built a non-thermal plasma reactor (NTPR) using a combination of Microwave (MW) and Electron Beam (EB) for treatment of marine diesel exhaust gas. A numerical model has been developed to better understand the marine exhaust gas/plasma kinetics. The reactor modelling and design can sustain 10kW of combined MW and EB power with a gas flow rate of 200l/s. The removal of NOx and SOx was continuously monitored using a portable dual Testo gas analyzer system while all other parameters (MW power, EB power, gas temperature/flow rate, etc.) were remotely recorded & stored through a Labview DAQ system. The reactor performance in NOx and SOx removal will be tested on a 200 kW two stroke marine engine. This study is a part of the DEECON (Innovative After-Treatment System for Marine Diesel Engine Emission Control) FP7 European project.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,008 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».