Smoking, Hepatitis B Virus Infection, and Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
carcinoma in Greenlanders with chronic HBV infection. The authors confirmed that patients with chronic HBV infection had a higher overall and liver-specific mortality than the general population (8.5 times higher for hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]–positive than for HBsAg-negative individuals). However, they also showed that the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma was lower among HBsAg-positive Greenlanders than in other populations throughout the world. The authors speculated that this finding might be partially explained by the prev alent HBV genotypes in Greenland: genotypes D and B6. In fact, among the different genotypes of HBV infection, genotype C has been recognized as an independent predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma development (10,12), whereas the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in people infected by genotype B6 has not been documented. Viral load and infection by mutants of HBV are also recognized risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (13), but they were not described in this study. The authors also commented that HBV infection in Greenland occurs mainly in adolescents and young adults, although they did not provide evidence for this statement. If true, this infection pattern is unlikely to account for the high chronicity rate because the likelihood of developing chronic HBV infections is highest in newborns and infants (90%) and decreases with time to be less than 1% in young adulthood. Thus, adolescent or young adult infection cannot account for the majority of chronic infections that lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. The authors also considered a number of other possibilities that might account for the difference in risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among Greenlanders chronically infected with HBV, most of which are speculative. However, one factor that probably best accounts for the lower incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is that the cohort is relatively young. Subjects had a mean age of approximately 30–35 years at inclusion in the study, and most subjects in the cohort were in their 50s when incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma was determined. The peak age of onset of hepatocellular carcinoma in other populations is between 60 and 70 years of age. Therefore, it is possible that most hepatocellular carcinomas in the Greenlandic population are yet to occur. The second study, from a European consortium [Trichopoulos et al. (14)] aimed to determine the attributable risk of various factors in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. The main strength of the study was that it used a population-based cohort in which attributable fractions for development of
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».