Notice bibliographique
Résumé
An experimental analysis was carried out by treatment of used hydraulic oil with various concentrations of fullers' earth and the results obtained were compared with fresh oil. Properties tested for include viscosity, specific gravity, absorbance and wear metals. The results obtained showed an improvement in the depleted quality of oil; in particular the viscosity falls within ± 15% tolerance of the fresh oil value as recommended by ASTM standards. It is recommended that the reclaimed oil obtained should be re-blended with additive or fresh oil in a pre-determined ratio using ASTM blending chart for further enhancement of additive content. It is concluded that reclamation of used oil is an environmentally friendly way of dispersing waste oils which can serve as a waste to wealth method. The quality of the environment has been adversely affected by the activities of the petroleum industry right from the exploration, drilling, transportation and processing to storage and after use. Hence, the industry discharges waste which comes in gaseous, liquid or solid form into the environment; thus threatening the health of the population and in the long run affecting farmland and water bodies. In Nigeria, an average of about 300 million liters of lubricating oils is consumed annually with a market potential of 5% annual growth rate. The potential waste oil level is about 80% of the annual consumption and thus the environment is prone to about 240 million liters of used lubricating which requires management and control. It is also observed that the awareness for waste oil management and its investment potentials are not well accepted and inculcated; rather it is seen as an anti-economic issue and a necessary debt to be paid for industrialization of urban centers. In some cases, it is due to lack of adequate information on cost effective methods of oil management, for example in Canada approximately about 1billion liters of lubricating oils are sold annually but only about 200million liters are recovered, in other words more than half is wasted and disposed to the environment (2) . In Nigeria, despite the increase in the presence of Lube oil blending plants ( both foreign and local companies), It is quite disappointing to know that the level of recycling oil is low and thus cannot meet up with the requirement of waste oil management as stipulated by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) that: No oil in any form shall be discharged into public drains, rivers, lakes, seas or underground injection without permit issued by the agency or any organization so designated by FEPA (2) .
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».