Environmental and individual correlates of distress: Testing <scp>K</scp> arasek's Demand‐Control model in 99 primary care clinical environments
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Objectives K arasek's job demand‐control model postulates that demand, control, and distress are environmental rather than individual features although these levels are often confounded. The objective was to investigate whether job demand, control, and demand × control predict environmental and individual distress in primary care clinicians, and the mediating role of distress in the relationships between demand and control with intention to leave and absenteeism. Design Predictive national survey. Methods We invited 2,079 staff from 99 general practices in the United Kingdom (843 GP s and nurses, 1,236 administrators) to complete postal questionnaires assessing distress, intention to leave, absenteeism, job demand, and control. Random intercept multilevel models and bootstrapped mediation models were run to test the study hypotheses. Results One thousand five hundred and ninety staff completed questionnaires (77% staff‐level response rate; complete responses by ≥80% of all workers in 68 work environments). There was evidence of environmental variation between practices in intention to leave, absenteeism, job demand, and control, but not distress. Job demand and control both significantly predicted distress, and control moderated the relationship between demand and distress with the effects of demand being reduced at low levels by high control. A small indirect effect via distress was observed for the relationship between job demand and absenteeism, and between job control and intention to leave. No support was found for environmental effects of work settings on distress, but there was evidence of individual‐level effects. Conclusions There is a need for considering environmental and individual levels and a danger of generalizing conclusions from one level to the other. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? K arasek's job demand‐control model shows consistent prediction of distress in health professionals. Environmental and individual features of distress, demand, and control are often confounded. What does this study add? Nationally representative UK survey of doctors, nurses, and admin primary care staff. Test individual and environment effect of demand and control on distress, absenteeism, leaving intention. Indirect effect of demand on absenteeism via distress and of control on intention to leave via distress.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».