Effects of aircraft disturbance on behaviour of harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus)
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
I studied behaviour of Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) at Fig River (53° 03' N, 63° 09' W) and Crooked River (54° 06', 60° 48' W) in Labrador in spring and summer of 1999 to 2002. Observations indicated that paired adults devoted modest proportions of time (30 to 40%) to foraging. This, and the lack of variation in time budgeted to feeding across time and space, indicated that Harlequin Ducks were not limited by food on their breeding habitat in Labrador. -- Most pair bonds dissolved by early June indicating nest initiation by the females. All adult females that were examined following capture and/or followed by radio signal appeared to be reproductively active. Low annual productivity on the study areas appeared to be due to predation of nests, and I concluded that Harlequin Ducks breeding in Labrador may be limited by predators. -- Noise is a significant stressor for animals, and the non-auditory effects of noise are considered whole body stress responses. In addition to overt responses, behavioural effects of noise on adult Harlequin Ducks were subtle and protracted. I interpreted this as evidence that a larger 'whole body' or physiological response was occurring. Animals challenged repeatedly develop high circulating levels of stress hormones in the bloodstream that can ultimately lower survival and inclusive fitness. -- Alert responses by adult Harlequin Ducks in central Labrador occurred to noise (75- 120 dBA) generated from low-level (30- 100m agl) military jet over-flights. Alert (startle) was generally <1% of time budgets, and increased in a dose-response manner, accelerating above a threshold of approximately 80 dBA. Protracted effects included increased inactivity, and decreased time out of water. There was evidence of residual effects of increased agonistic behaviours up to 1 h and decreased courtship up to 1.5 h following over-flights by military jets. The protracted and residual effects have the potential to negatively affect time-activity budgets of individuals. Multivariate statistical analyses demonstrated the importance of considering behaviour holistically because the inclusive modeling of covariance among behaviours was superior to traditional univariate approaches. Important effects may easily be overlooked because of bias by researchers in defining 'behavioural responses' a priori (e.g. Startle or Alert) that are easily observed because effects can be subtle and protracted well beyond the actual disturbance.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; les deux têtes enseignantes s’accordent sur ce qui est montré ici.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».