Incidence and Toxicological Significance of Selected Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) in Drinking Water
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Increasing sensitivity of new analytical methods has enabled the detection of certain endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in drinking water systems. EDCs in raw water entering drinking water treatment plants can arise from many potential sources, including municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent, industrial discharges, agricultural activities, etc. Questions remain about the potential health effects of long-term, low-dose exposures to EDCs via potable water supplies. Of particular concern are potential consequences to sensitive population groups, such as pregnant women and children. We present preliminary data arising from our work on assessing the potential health risks of these chemicals and establishing target concentrations for water treatment. Specifically, we focus on the selection of chemicals of concern (COC) for this project. EDCs were selected as COC for this project on the basis of the following five criteria. (1) Status as an EDC. A literature review was conducted to collect evidence that certain chemicals can be classified as EDCs. Emphasis was placed on chemicals that have produced an adverse effect mediated through the endocrine system in at least one in vivo test system with a laboratory animal that serves as a surrogate for humans or that have been reported to produce an endocrine effect in humans. (2) Likelihood of exposure through drinking water. To assess occurrence in drinking water, monitoring for target chemicals is underway at several drinking water utilities nationwide. A literature search revealed additional occurrence data for source water, raw water, and drinking water, as well as information that can be used to predict the removal of EDCs through drinking water treatment processes. (3) Potential to cause adverse health effects. Severity of effects, potency, and pharmacokinetics (e.g., half-life, bioaccumulation) were considered. (4) Endocrine mode of action. Only those chemicals that act through the so-called "EAT" modes of action (Estrogenic (or anti-estrogenic), Androgenic (or anti-androgenic), and Thyroid-related) were considered. (5) Interest in specific contaminants. The Project Advisory Committee (PAC) and participating utilities were asked to identify EDCs that they believe are potential concerns. EDCs that appear to be the subject of interest among the public and the scientific community also were considered. For selected EDCs, animal and human clinical toxicity data are being examined to establish threshold exposure levels of concern, particularly focusing on the potential for reproductive and developmental effects and effects on endocrine function. The results of this project will provide information to determine whether consumption of EDCs in municipal drinking water poses a public health risk; which chemicals likely present the most significant risks, and which treatment systems most effectively reduce target chemical concentrations.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,006 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,010 | 0,011 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».