Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Preventing impaired driving around the world: lessons learnedThe last two decades have brought dramatic progress in reducing alcohol related crashes in most of the developed world.Declines have occurred in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, most Western European countries and in the United States.The United States has seen declines both in the number of alcohol related traYc fatalities and in the proportion of traYc fatalities that are alcohol related.Many diVerent factors have contributed to the progress we have seen and certainly diVerent factors have been predominant in diVerent countries.Articles in this issue of the journal provide information on some of the activities in the United States and Canada.In the United States, we tend to assume that we are the center of the universe and that almost anything of significance is invented here.Prevention of impaired driving, however, is one area where we acknowledge our debt to other countries that have pioneered many of the most eVective prevention strategies.For example, the United States drew valuable lessons regarding deterrence from analyzing the results of the British Road Safety Act of 1967.Similarly, we have learned about alcohol policy and serious enforcement and penalties from some of the Scandinavian countries.The Australian experience with random breath testing has influenced some of our own enforcement eVorts.The US National Highway TraYc Safety Administration recently sponsored a systematic eVort to gather information about impaired driving laws from countries around the world.The intent of this eVort is to contribute to our understanding of impaired driving countermeasures and of how the current situation in the United States compares to other countries.The project also includes an analysis of alcohol involvement in fatal traYc crashes in countries around the world and the relevant regulations, definitions, and procedures used to measure and report alcohol involvement.The primary purpose of this project is to provide comparisons with the United States, and therefore possible guidance in the development and implementation of impaired driving policies in this country.Therefore, the main focus of data collection is on countries that would be considered most directly comparable to the United States economically and demographically.The key comparison countries include members of the European Union, other Western European countries, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.The results of this study, which is still ongoing, indicate how much we have shared from country to country in improving the laws, policies, and practices related to impaired driving.The study also indicates some of the major diVerences in approach that remain.Some highlights of the findings thus far are summarized below.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».