Large-magnitude Miocene extension of the Eocene Caetano caldera, Shoshone and Toiyabe Ranges, Nevada
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Because major mineral deposits in northcentral Nevada predate signifi cant Basin and Range extension, a detailed understanding of the timing and kinematics of extensional faulting is necessary to place these deposits in their original structural context. The complexity of pre-Cenozoic deformation in northern Nevada makes restoring Basin and Range faulting diffi cult without locating well-dated, regionally extensive Cenozoic units that can be used to restore slip along normal faults. The goal of this study is to reconstruct extensional faulting in the Shoshone and northern Toiyabe Ranges by using Cenozoic rocks in and around the Caetano caldera, which formed ca. 33.8 Ma during eruption of the Caetano Tuff. The caldera fi lled with more than 4 km of intracaldera tuff during initial caldera-forming eruptions, and additional sedimentary and volcanic rocks subsequently fi lled the topographic depression left by the caldera collapse. These rocks are conformable over the interval 34-25 Ma, consistent with little, if any, extension during that time. The 34-25 Ma rocks were later cut by a set of closely spaced (1-3 km) normal faults that accommodated signifi cant extension and footwall rotations of 40-50. Restored structural cross sections indicate that the present ~42 km (east-west) width of the Caetano caldera has been extended 110%, resulting in 22 3 km westward translation of the Fish Creek Mountains relative to the southern Cortez Range. Major normal faults mapped within the caldera continue south and north along strike into the surrounding Paleozoic basement rocks; therefore it is likely that parts of surrounding areas are also signifi cantly extended. Miocene (16-12 Ma) sedimentary rocks in the hanging walls of major normal faults include both fl uvial/lacustrine facies and coarser alluvial fan deposits. Where exposed, the bases of the Miocene sedimentary sections are in angular conformity with underlying ~40E tilted 34-25 Ma volcanic and sedimentary rocks. The distribution, composition, and geometry of these deposits are best explained by accumulation in a set of half-graben basins that formed in response to slip on basin-bounding faults. Extension thus appears to have taken place in the middle Miocene, beginning at or shortly after 16 Ma, and was mostly completed by 10-12 Ma. Fault blocks and basins formed during middle Miocene extension are cut by younger, more widely spaced, high-angle normal faults that began forming more recently than 10-12 Ma. These faults outline the modern basins and ranges in the study area and some have remained active into the Holocene.
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Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,008 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle